Taurine

Taurine is an organic acid widely distributed in animal tissues.Target: OthersTaurine is a major constituent of bile and can be found in the large intestine and accounts for approximately 0.1% of total human body weight [1]. Taurine is present in high concentration in algae and in the animals including insects and arthropods, but is generally absent or present in traces in the bacterial and plant kingdoms [2]. In cardiac tissue alone, taurine levels of 20 mM or higher may be found. Taurine availability protects against cholestasis induced by monohydroxy bile acids remains confined to guinea pigs [3]. Oral supplementation of taurine results in increased plasma taurine concentrations and is associated with normalization of left ventricular function in both groups of cats. Myocardial concentrations of taurine are directly related to plasma concentrations and low plasma concentrations are found to be associated with myocardial failure in cats, proposing a direct link occurs between decreased taurine concentration in the myocardium and decreased myocardial mechanical function [4].

Signaling Pathways >> Autophagy >> Autophagy

Natural Products >> Acids and Aldehydes

Research Areas >> Metabolic Disease

Human Endogenous Metabolite

[1]. Huxtable, R.J., Physiological actions of taurine. Physiol Rev, 1992. 72(1): p. 101-63.

[2]. Huxtable, R.J., Taurine in the central nervous system and the mammalian actions of taurine. Prog Neurobiol, 1989. 32(6): p. 471-533.

[3]. Chesney, R.W., Taurine: its biological role and clinical implications. Adv Pediatr, 1985. 32: p. 1-42.

[4]. Pion, P.D., et al., Myocardial failure in cats associated with low plasma taurine: a reversible cardiomyopathy. Science, 1987. 237(4816): p. 764-8.

3-Methyladenine | Hydrocortisone | Acetylcysteine(N-acetylcysteine) | Retinoic acid | Melatonine | Dinoprostone | Nicotinamide | Adenosine triphosphate | 4-Acetamidophenol | Prostaglandin E1 | Dehydroepiandrosterone | Corticosterone | Progesterone | Docosahexaenoic Acid | NAD+

MOLECULAR FORMULA :

C2-H7-N-O3-S

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

125.16

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :

Z2SWQ

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

>5 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

>7 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression Skin and Appendages - hair

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

>7 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

6630 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

6 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

>7 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intramuscular

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

>7 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

>2 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

>1 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD - Lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - species unspecified

DOSE/DURATION :

>10 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

182 gm/kg/13W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - changes in sodium Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - changes in chlorine

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

878 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :

multigenerations

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)

MUTATION DATA

TEST SYSTEM :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

7560 mg/kg/6W

REFERENCE :

CRNGDP Carcinogenesis (London). (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House, Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 1980- Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,387,1988 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X7233 No. of Facilities: 167 (estimated) No. of Industries: 5 No. of Occupations: 13 No. of Employees: 19927 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 3025 (estimated)