CY 09

CY-09 is an NLRP3 inhibitor.

Signaling Pathways >> Immunology/Inflammation >> NOD-like Receptor (NLR)

Research Areas >> Inflammation/Immunology

NLRP3[1]

CY-09 exhibits a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on monosodium urate (MSU), nigericin, ATP-induced caspase-1 activation and IL-1β secretion at the doses of 1 to10 µM in LPS-primed bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Cytosolic LPS-induced noncanonical NLRP3 activation in BMDMs can also be blocked by CY-09 treatment. CY-09 specifically inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation and has no effect on LPS-induced priming effects. CY-09 treatment remarkably suppresses nigericin-induced ASC oligomerization. It is found that CY-09 treatment inhibits the interaction of Flag-NLRP3 and mCherry-NLRP3 in HEK-293T cells, suggesting that CY-09 blocks NLRP3 oligomerization[1].

CY-09 treatment in vivo efficiently suppresses monosodium urate (MSU) injection-induced IL-1β production and neutrophil influx, suggesting that CY-09 can block MSU-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vivo. CY-09 treatment also increases the survival of NLRP3 mutant mice up to days 30 to 48 even after treatment is stopped at day 25. The caspase-1 cleavage observed in adipose tissue of high-fat diet (HFD)-treated mice is also suppressed by CY-09[1].

For ATPase activity assay, purified recombinant human proteins are incubated at 37°C with indicated concentrations of CY-09 for 15 min in the reaction buffer. ATP (25 µm) is then added, and the mixture is further incubated at 37°C for another 40 min. The amount of ATP converted into adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is determined by luminescent ADP detection with ADP-Glo Kinase Assay kit according to the manufacturer’s protocol. The results are expressed as percentage of residual enzyme activity to the vehicle-treated enzyme. For ATP binding assay, purified NLRP3 proteins are incubated with ATP binding agarose for 1 h and then different concentrations of CY-09 are added and incubated for 2 h with motion at 4°C. Beads are washed and boiled in loading buffer. Samples are subjected to immunoblotting analysis[1].

To induce NLRP3 inflammasome activation, 5×105/mL BMDMs and 6×106/mL PBMCs are plated in 12-well plates. The following morning, the medium is replaced, and cells are stimulated with 50 ng/mL LPS or 400 ng/mL Pam3CSK4 (for noncanonical inflammasome activation) for 3 h. After that, CY-09 or other inhibitors are added into the culture for another 30 min, and then the cells are stimulated for 4 h with monosodium urate (MSU) (150 µg/mL), Salmonella typhimurium (multiplicity of infection) or for 30 min with ATP (2.5 mM) or nigericin (10 µM). Cells are transfected with poly(dA:dT) (0.5 µg/mL) for 4 h or LPS (500 ng/mL) overnight. Cell extracts and precipitated supernatants are analyzed by immunoblot[1].

WT or Nlrp3−/− mice at the age of 6 wk, with similar plasma glucose levels and body weights are randomized into different groups. For generation of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced diabetic mice, mice are fed with HFD for 14 wk. The diabetic mice are treated with CY-09 (i.p.) at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg once a day for 6 wk. The mice are maintained with HFD when used for CY-09 treatment and the subsequent experiments[1].

[1]. Jiang H, et al. Identification of a selective and direct NLRP3 inhibitor to treat inflammatory disorders. J Exp Med. 2017 Nov 6;214(11):3219-3238.

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