Cromolyn (sodium)

Names

[ Name ]:
Cromolyn (sodium)

[Synonym ]:
Disodium 5,5'-[(2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl)bis(oxy)]bis(4-oxo-4H-chromene-2-carboxylate)
Cromoglycate Cromoglycic acid
Irtan
CROMOLYN SODIUM
EINECS 239-926-7
Sodium cromoglicate
Disodium 5,5'-[(2-hydroxy-1,3-propanediyl)bis(oxy)]bis(4-oxo-4H-chromene-2-carboxylate)
OPTICROM
Nalcrom
Rynacrom
Nalcron
Cromolyn sodium salt
Cromovet
Disodium Cromoglycate Hydrate
DSCG
INTAL
Alerion
Sodium cromoglycate
Opticron
Cromolyn Disodium Salt
Lomudal
Lomusol
Vividrin
Colimune
4H-1-benzopyran-2-carboxylic acid, 5,5'-[(2-hydroxy-1,3-propanediyl)bis(oxy)]bis[4-oxo-, disodium salt
4H-1-Benzopyran-2-carboxylic acid, 5,5'-[(2-hydroxy-1,3-propanediyl)bis(oxy)]bis[4-oxo-, sodium salt (1:2)
Disodium chromoglycate
Sofro
Cromoglycate,Cromoglycic acid,Cromolyn sodium salt
Lomuspray
Fivent
MFCD00057744
Gastrofrenal
Allergocrom
Introl
Cromolyn Disodium Salt Hydrate
CROMOPTIC
Dinatrium-5,5'-[(2-hydroxypropan-1,3-diyl)bis(oxy)]bis(4-oxo-4H-chromen-2-carboxylat)
disodium cromoglycate
disodium,5-[3-(2-carboxylato-4-oxochromen-5-yl)oxy-2-hydroxypropoxy]-4-oxochromene-2-carboxylate
Cromolyn (sodium)

Biological Activity

[Description]:

Cromolyn sodium is an antiallergic drug.Target: Calcium ChannelCromolyn sodium is a chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized mast cells. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack.Pretreatment of IIR mice with Cromolyn sodium prior to ischemia exhibited no changes of ET-1 levels, injury score and inflammation (P>0.05, PreCr vs. M groups). In conclusion, administration of Cromolyn sodium after reperfusion, but not prior to ischemia, attenuates IIRI by downregulating ET-1 and suppressing sustained MC activation [1]. cromolyn sodium has a role in the prevention of Chronic lung disease(CLD). Cromolyn sodium cannot be recommended for the prevention of CLD in preterm infants [2].

[Related Catalog]:

Signaling Pathways >> Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel >> Calcium Channel

Research Areas >> Inflammation/Immunology

[References]

[1]. Gan, X., et al., Treatment of mice with cromolyn sodium after reperfusion, but not prior to ischemia, attenuates small intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Mol Med Rep, 2013. 8(3): p. 928-34.

[2]. Ng, G. and A. Ohlsson, Cromolyn sodium for the prevention of chronic lung disease in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2012. 6: p. CD003059.

[3]. Huang L, et al. Sinomenine-induced histamine release-like anaphylactoid reactions are blocked by tranilast via inhibiting NF-κB signaling. Pharmacol Res. 2017 Aug 31. pii: S1043-6618(17)30796-X.

[Related Small Molecules]

Chemical & Physical Properties

[ Boiling Point ]:
752.3ºC at 760 mmHg

[ Melting Point ]:
241-2420C (dec)

[ Molecular Formula ]:
C₂₃H₁₄Na₂O₁₁

[ Molecular Weight ]:
512.330

[ Flash Point ]:
263.9ºC

[ Exact Mass ]:
512.033142

[ PSA ]:
179.37000

[ Storage condition ]:
Refrigerator, Under Inert Atmosphere

[ Stability ]:
Hygroscopyc

MSDS

Click to get detail MSDS

Toxicological Information

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: DJ2380000

CHEMICAL NAME :: 4H-1-Benzopyran-2-carboxylic acid, 5,5'-((2-hydroxytrimethylene)dioxy)bis(4-oxo-, disodium salt

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 15826-37-6

LAST UPDATED :: 199610

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 18

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C23-H14-O11.2Na

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 512.35

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: T66 BO EVJ CVO GO1YQ1O- GT66 BO EVJ CVO &-NA- 2

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - woman

DOSE/DURATION :: 96 mg/kg/6D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, allergic (after systemic exposure)

REFERENCE :: BMJOAE British Medical Journal. (British Medical Assoc., BMA House, Tavistock Sq., London WC1H 9JR, UK) V.1- 1857- Volume(issue)/page/year: 289,470,1984

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

DOSE/DURATION :: 34 mg/kg/4W

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

REFERENCE :: BMJOAE British Medical Journal. (British Medical Assoc., BMA House, Tavistock Sq., London WC1H 9JR, UK) V.1- 1857- Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,916,1976

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: >11 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,189,1970

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: >4 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,189,1970

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 6 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,189,1970

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: >4 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting

REFERENCE :: KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,189,1970

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: >11 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,189,1970

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 1 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: PLMEAA Planta Medica. (Georg Thieme Verlag, Postfach 732, D-7000 Stuttgart 1, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 42,75,1981

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 4400 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,189,1970

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 3300 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,189,1970

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: >4 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting

REFERENCE :: KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,189,1970

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: >1600 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting

REFERENCE :: KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,189,1970

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: >8 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting

REFERENCE :: KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,189,1970

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 2 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,189,1970 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 52 gm/kg/30D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

REFERENCE :: KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,189,1970

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 26 gm/kg/30D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Blood - normocytic anemia Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data - death

REFERENCE :: KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,189,1970

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 78 gm/kg/26W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - interstitial nephritis Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, other (after systemic exposure)

REFERENCE :: KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,189,1970 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X5338 No. of Facilities: 53 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 2 No. of Employees: 1233 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 717 (estimated)

Safety Information

[ Symbol ]:

GHS07

[ Signal Word ]:
Warning

[ Hazard Statements ]:
H315-H319-H335

[ Precautionary Statements ]:
P305 + P351 + P338

[ Personal Protective Equipment ]:
dust mask type N95 (US);Eyeshields;Gloves

[ Hazard Codes ]:
Xi: Irritant;

[ Risk Phrases ]:
R36/37/38

[ Safety Phrases ]:
S26-S36

[ RIDADR ]:
3249

[ WGK Germany ]:
2

[ RTECS ]:
DJ2380000

[ Packaging Group ]:
III

[ Hazard Class ]:
6.1(b)

[ HS Code ]:
2932999099

Precursor & DownStream

Precursor

DownStream

Customs

[ HS Code ]: 2932999099

[ Summary ]:
2932999099. other heterocyclic compounds with oxygen hetero-atom(s) only. VAT:17.0%. Tax rebate rate:13.0%. . MFN tariff:6.5%. General tariff:20.0%

Articles

Chronic pelvic allodynia is mediated by CCL2 through mast cells in an experimental autoimmune cystitis model.

Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 308(2) , F103-13, (2015)

The cause of chronic pelvic pain in interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS) remains unclear; autoimmunity is a possible etiology. We have recently shown that injection of a single immu...

Psychological stress and corticotropin-releasing hormone increase intestinal permeability in humans by a mast cell-dependent mechanism.

Gut 63(8) , 1293-9, (2014)

Intestinal permeability and psychological stress have been implicated in the pathophysiology of IBD and IBS. Studies in animals suggest that stress increases permeability via corticotropin-releasing h...

Inhibition of mast cell-derived histamine secretion by cromolyn sodium treatment decreases biliary hyperplasia in cholestatic rodents.

Lab. Invest. 94(12) , 1406-18, (2014)

Cholangiopathies are characterized by dysregulation of the balance between biliary growth and loss. We have shown that histamine (HA) stimulates biliary growth via autocrine mechanisms. To evaluate th...