Pyrimidine-2,4,5,6(1H,3H)-tetraone hydrate

Names

[ Name ]:
Pyrimidine-2,4,5,6(1H,3H)-tetraone hydrate

[Synonym ]:
Mesoxalylcarbamide monohydrate
2,4,5,6-Tetraoxohexahydropyrimidine hydrate
MFCD00149399
2,4,5,6-Tetraoxypyrimidine
2,4,5,6(1H,3H)-Pyrimidinetetrone hydrate
alloxan hydrate
2,4,5,6(1H,3H)-Pyrimidinetetrone hydrate (1:1)
ALLOXAN MONOHYDRATE
alloxane monohydrate
1,3-dihydropyrimidine-2,4,5,6-tetraone,hydrate
2,4,5,6(1H,3H)-Pyrimidinetetrone, hydrate (1:1)
Alloxan-monohydrat
5,6-Dioxyuracil
alloxane hydrate
Alloxan,monohydrate
Pyrimidine-2,4,5,6(1H,3H)-tetraone hydrate
EINECS 251-501-8
Pyrimidine-2,4,5,6(1H,3H)-tetrone hydrate (1:1)

Biological Activity

[Description]:

Alloxan hydrate is a diabetogenic agent to induce diabetes. Alloxan hydrate is a proteasome inhibitor. Alloxan causes diabetes in experimental animals through its ability to destroy the insulin-secreting B-cells of the pancreas[1][2].

[Related Catalog]:

Research Areas >> Metabolic Disease

Signaling Pathways >> Metabolic Enzyme/Protease >> Proteasome

[In Vitro]

Alloxan hydrate inhibits the peptidase activities of the purified 26S and 20S proteasomes[1].

[References]

[1]. Zhou W, et al. Diabetogenic agent alloxan is a proteasome inhibitor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2017;488(2):400-406.

[2]. Munday R, et al. The relationship between the physicochemical properties and the biological effects of alloxan and several N-alkyl substituted alloxan derivatives. J Endocrinol. 1993;139(1):153-163.

Chemical & Physical Properties

[ Density]:
1.681g/cm3

[ Boiling Point ]:
374.1ºC at 760 mmHg

[ Melting Point ]:
255 °C (dec.)(lit.)

[ Molecular Formula ]:
C₄H₄N₂O₅

[ Molecular Weight ]:
160.085

[ Flash Point ]:
180ºC

[ Exact Mass ]:
160.012024

[ PSA ]:
115.73000

[ Vapour Pressure ]:
8.59E-07mmHg at 25°C

[ Storage condition ]:
2-8°C

[ Water Solubility ]:
H2O: may be hazy yellow

MSDS

Click to get detail MSDS

Toxicological Information

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: UW0492000

CHEMICAL NAME :: 2,4,5,6(1H,3H)-Pyrimidinetetrone, monohydrate

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 2244-11-3

LAST UPDATED :: 199603

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 5

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C4-H2-N2-O4.H2-O

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 160.10

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: T6MVMVVVJ &QH

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 100 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 200 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Endocrine - diabetes mellitus Endocrine - hyperglycemia

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - hamster

DOSE/DURATION :: 65400 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Gastrointestinal - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

DOSE :: 60 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 9 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System

MUTATION DATA

TEST SYSTEM :: Insect - Drosophila melanogaster

DOSE/DURATION :: 1 pph

REFERENCE :: ENMUDM Environmental Mutagenesis. (New York, NY) V.1-9, 1979-87. For publisher information, see EMMUEG. Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,325,1985

Safety Information

[ Symbol ]:

GHS07

[ Signal Word ]:
Warning

[ Hazard Statements ]:
H302 + H312 + H332

[ Precautionary Statements ]:
P280

[ Personal Protective Equipment ]:
dust mask type N95 (US);Eyeshields;Gloves

[ Hazard Codes ]:
Xn:Harmful;

[ Risk Phrases ]:
R20/21/22

[ Safety Phrases ]:
S36

[ RIDADR ]:
NONH for all modes of transport

[ WGK Germany ]:
3

[ RTECS ]:
UW0492000

[ HS Code ]:
29335995

Precursor & DownStream

Precursor

DownStream

Customs

[ HS Code ]: 2933599090

[ Summary ]:
2933599090. other compounds containing a pyrimidine ring (whether or not hydrogenated) or piperazine ring in the structure. VAT:17.0%. Tax rebate rate:13.0%. . MFN tariff:6.5%. General tariff:20.0%

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