Aspirin

Aspirin is a non-selective and irreversible inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2 with IC50s of 5 and 210 μg/mL.

Signaling Pathways >> Autophagy >> Autophagy

Signaling Pathways >> Immunology/Inflammation >> COX

Signaling Pathways >> Autophagy >> Mitophagy

Research Areas >> Inflammation/Immunology

COX-1:27.75 μM (IC50)

COX-2:1.17 mM (IC50)

Aspirin and other non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit the activity of cyclooxygenase (COX) which leads to the formation of prostaglandins (PGs) that cause inflammation, swelling, pain and fever[2]. Aspirin acetylates serine-530 of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), thereby blocking thromboxane A synthesis in platelets and reducing platelet aggregation. This mechanism of action accounts for the effect of aspirin on prevention of coronary artery and cerebrovascular thrombosis. Aspirin is less effective in inhibiting COX-2 activity. Aspirin and salicylate inhibit COX-2 protein expression through interference with binding of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBPbeta) to its cognate site on COX-2 promoter/enhancer[3]. Aspirin inhibits the activation of NF-κB. This inhibition prevents the degradation of the NF-κB inhibitor, 1κB, and therefore NF-κB is retained in the cytosol. Aspirin also inhibits NF-κB-dependent transcription from the lgκ enhancer and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) long terminal repeat (LTR) in transfected T cells[4]. Aspirin inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 with IC50 values of 3.57 μM and 29.3 μM, respectively in human articular chondrocytes[5].

Chondrocytes are isolated from articular cartilage of donors with no articular disease. Unstimulated and interleukin 1 (IL-1) stimulated chondrocytes are used as models to study the effects of drugs on COX-1 and COX-2. Cells are incubated with vehicle or drugs (Asprin); supernatants are removed and the level of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in each sample is determined by enzyme immunoassay. IC50s are calculated from the reduction in PGE2 content by different concentrations of the test substance by linear regression analysis[5].

[1]. Mitchell JA, et al. Selectivity of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs as inhibitors of constitutive and induciblecyclooxygenase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Dec 15;90(24):11693-7.

[2]. Vane JR, et al. The mechanism of action of aspirin. Thromb Res. 2003 Jun 15;110(5-6):255-8.

[3]. Wu KK, et al. Aspirin and other cyclooxygenase inhibitors: new therapeutic insights. Semin Vasc Med. 2003 May;3(2):107-12.

[4]. Kopp E, et al. Inhibition of NF-kappa B by sodium salicylate and aspirin. Science. 1994 Aug 12;265(5174):956-9.

[5]. Blanco FJ, et al. Effect of antiinflammatory drugs on COX-1 and COX-2 activity in human articular chondrocytes. J Rheumatol. 1999 Jun;26(6):1366-73.

3-Methyladenine | SB203580 | U0126-EtOH | Acadesine (AICAR) | Brefeldin A | 17-AAG | Resveratrol | Melatonine | Curcumin | Salinomycin | ABT-737 | Quercetin | 4-Acetamidophenol | Celastrol | Hemin

DATA ITEMS CITED :

105

MOLECULAR FORMULA :

C9-H8-O4

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

180.17

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :

QVR BOV1

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - child

DOSE/DURATION :

10 mg/kg/1D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - acute pulmonary edema Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - urine volume decreased

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :

857 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - coma Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - woman

DOSE/DURATION :

525 mg/kg/5D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Liver - hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), diffuse

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - woman

DOSE/DURATION :

480 mg/kg/5D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - other

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :

1625 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - coma Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature increase

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - infant

DOSE/DURATION :

120 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - hematuria Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - dehydration

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - child

DOSE/DURATION :

104 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - acute pulmonary edema Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting Blood - hemorrhage

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - child

DOSE/DURATION :

39 mg/kg/13D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Liver - hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), diffuse

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human

DOSE/DURATION :

669 mg/kg/11D

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Liver - liver function tests impaired

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human

DOSE/DURATION :

2880 mg/kg/8W

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Sense Organs and Special Senses (Ear) - tinnitus Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting Gastrointestinal - decreased motility or constipation

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - woman

DOSE/DURATION :

800 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Musculoskeletal - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human

DOSE/DURATION :

480 mg/kg/7D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Sense Organs and Special Senses (Ear) - tinnitus Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Gastrointestinal - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :

294 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Rectal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - woman

DOSE/DURATION :

4550 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Brain and Coverings - encephalitis Behavioral - coma Cardiac - arrhythmias (including changes in conduction)

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

200 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

340 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Rectal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

790 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

250 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

167 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

1020 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

700 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

681 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - analgesia

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

1010 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay)

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :

1075 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - tremor

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - hamster

DOSE/DURATION :

3500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - species unspecified

DOSE/DURATION :

1750 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

200 mg/kg/4D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Gastrointestinal - ulceration or bleeding from stomach

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

8127 mg/kg/43W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes in urine composition

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

25 mg/m3/4H/17W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Brain and Coverings - recordings from specific areas of CNS Blood - change in clotting factors Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

9500 mg/kg/3W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

700 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 35-36 week(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - cardiovascular (circulatory) system Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - biochemical and metabolic

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

546 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 37-39 week(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - other postnatal measures or effects

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

546 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 37-39 week(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - other developmental abnormalities

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

17550 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 12-39 week(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Maternal Effects - parturition

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

100 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 37 week(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - other neonatal measures or effects

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

17280 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 1-39 week(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - cardiovascular (circulatory) system Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - respiratory system Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - Apgar score (human only)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

189 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 12-39 week(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Maternal Effects - parturition Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - blood and lymphatic systems (including spleen and marrow)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Unreported

DOSE :

1200 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 20 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Maternal Effects - menstrual cycle changes or disorders

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

1 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 12 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

2100 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

male 14 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

500 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 9 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

200 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 9 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

10 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 22 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Maternal Effects - parturition Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - stillbirth Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - live birth index (measured after birth)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

500 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 9 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - eye/ear Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

125 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 12 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

1 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 3 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

DOSE :

1800 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

male 12 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

DOSE :

380 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 9 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - other developmental abnormalities

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

DOSE :

500 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 11 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

DOSE :

500 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 11 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

DOSE :

500 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 11 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - extra-embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

DOSE :

300 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 1 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - other measures of fertility

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Unreported

DOSE :

3500 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 6-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - other developmental abnormalities

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intrauterine

DOSE :

2 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 4 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

1200 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 8-9 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

800 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 17 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - other effects to embryo Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - other developmental abnormalities

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

19200 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 6-21 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - stillbirth Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - other neonatal measures or effects

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

2500 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 6-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

DOSE :

500 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 11 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

3200 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 23-30 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - cardiovascular (circulatory) system Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - respiratory system

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Unreported

DOSE :

3 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 20-34 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

300 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 10-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

800 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 8-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - body wall Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

1800 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 8-16 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - cardiovascular (circulatory) system Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

1750 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 6-12 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

600 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 2 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - other measures of fertility

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Unreported

DOSE :

11250 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 16-30 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death

TYPE OF TEST :

Sister chromatid exchange

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

Cytogenetic analysis

TEST SYSTEM :

Rodent - hamster Lung

REFERENCE :

GMCRDC Gann Monograph on Cancer Research. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 233 Spring St., New York, NY 10013) No. 11- 1971- Volume(issue)/page/year: 27,95,1981 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-TWA 5 mg/m3 DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW BCSTB5 Biochemical Society Transactions. (Biochemical Soc. Book Depot, POB 32, Commerce Way, Colchester, Essex CO2 8HP, UK) V.1- 1973- Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,695,1974 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW DICPBB Drug Intelligence and Clinical Pharmacy. (POB 42435, Cincinnati, OH 45242) V.3- 1969- Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,350,1975 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW DICPBB Drug Intelligence and Clinical Pharmacy. (POB 42435, Cincinnati, OH 45242) V.3- 1969- Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,690,1974 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW PLMJAP Pahlavi Medical Journal. (Shiraz, Iran) V.1-9, 1970-78. Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,160,1975 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW JPHAA3 Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association. (Washington, DC) V.1-28, 1912-39; New series: V.1-17, 1961-77. Volume(issue)/page/year: NS16,147,1976 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW AUHPAI Australian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. (B.R. Miller, POB 125, Heidelberg, Vic., Australia) V.1- 1971- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3(3),100,1973 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW JRPMAP Journal of Reproductive Medicine. (2 Jacklynn Ct., St. Louis, MO 63132) V.3- 1969- Volume(issue)/page/year: 12,27,1974 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW CLCHAU Clinical Chemistry (Winston-Salem, NC). (American Assoc. for Clinical Chemistry, 1725 K St., NW, Washington, DC 20006) V.1- 1955- Volume(issue)/page/year: 19,361,1973 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW AJMEAZ American Journal of Medicine. (Technical Pub., 875 Third Ave., New York, NY 10022) V.1- 1946- Volume(issue)/page/year: 38,409,1965 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW ATXKA8 Archiv fuer Toxikologie. (Berlin, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.15-31, 1954-74. For publisher information, see ARTODN. Volume(issue)/page/year: 28,135,1971 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW AIMDAP Archives of Internal Medicine. (AMA, 535 N. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60610) V.1- 1908- Volume(issue)/page/year: 141,358,1981 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 5 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 5 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 5 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 5 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 0.5 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 5 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 5 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID-air:10H TWA 5 mg/m3 REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 84517 No. of Facilities: 1746 (estimated) No. of Industries: 12 No. of Occupations: 16 No. of Employees: 10452 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X1189 No. of Facilities: 27 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 1 No. of Employees: 191 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 82 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 84517 No. of Facilities: 491 (estimated) No. of Industries: 9 No. of Occupations: 22 No. of Employees: 10776 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 6083 (estimated)