Atropine

[Description]:

Atropine is a medication used to treat certain types of nerve agent and pesticide poisonings, some types of slow heart rate, and to decrease saliva production during surgery.

[Related Catalog]:

Signaling Pathways >> GPCR/G Protein >> mAChR

Signaling Pathways >> Neuronal Signaling >> mAChR

Natural Products >> Alkaloid

Research Areas >> Neurological Disease

[References]

[1]. Montano N, et al. Central vagotonic effects of atropine modulate spectral oscillations of sympathetic nerve activity. Circulation, 1998, 98(14):1394-1399

[2]. Debas HT, et al. After vagotomy atropine suppresses gastrin release by food. Gastroenterology. 1976 Jun;70(6):1082-4.

[Related Small Molecules]

[ Density]:
1.2±0.1 g/cm3

[ Boiling Point ]:
429.8±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ Melting Point ]:
115-118 °C

[ Molecular Formula ]:
C₁₇H₂₃NO₃

[ Molecular Weight ]:
289.369

[ Flash Point ]:
213.7±28.7 °C

[ Exact Mass ]:
289.167786

[ PSA ]:
49.77000

[ LogP ]:
1.53

[ Vapour Pressure ]:
0.0±1.1 mmHg at 25°C

[ Index of Refraction ]:
1.581

[ Water Solubility ]:
H2O: 2 mg/mL

Click to get detail MSDS

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: CK0700000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Atropine

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 51-55-8

LAST UPDATED :: 199710

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 37

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C17-H23-N-O3

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 289.41

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: T56 A ANTJ A1 GOVYR&1Q

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

DOSE/DURATION :: 33 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - visual field changes Behavioral - muscle weakness

REFERENCE :: JTCTDW Journal of Toxicology, Clinical Toxicology. (Marcel Dekker, 270 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016) V.19- 1982- Volume(issue)/page/year: 22,581,1984/1985

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :: 14 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - headache Vascular - BP elevation not characterized in autonomic section

REFERENCE :: AIMEAS Annals of Internal Medicine. (American College of Physicians, 4200 Pine St., Philadelphia, PA 19104) V.1- 1927- Volume(issue)/page/year: 101,720,1984

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intramuscular

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :: 175 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - hallucinations, distorted perceptions

REFERENCE :: FEPRA7 Federation Proceedings, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. (Bethesda, MD) V.1-46, 1942-87. Volume(issue)/page/year: 32,250,1973

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intramuscular

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

DOSE/DURATION :: 1 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - mydriasis (pupillary dilation)

REFERENCE :: 85IVAW "Possible Long-Term Health Effects of Short-Term Exposure to Chemical Agents," National Research Council, 3 vols., Washington, DC, National Academy Press, 1982-85 Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,L1,1982

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :: 143 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: 85IXA4 "Structure et Activite Pharmacodyanmique des Medicaments du Systeme Nerveux Vegetatif," Bovet, D., and F. Bovet-Nitti, New York, S. Karger, 1948 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,482,1948

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: AIPTAK Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. (Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium) V.4- 1898- Volume(issue)/page/year: 155,393,1965

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 280 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10- Volume(issue)/page/year: 105,166,1952

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 250 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: AIPTAK Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. (Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium) V.4- 1898- Volume(issue)/page/year: 68,339,1942

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 73 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: SMWOAS Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift. (Schwabe & Co., Steintorst 13, 4010 Basel, Switzerland) V.50- 1920- Volume(issue)/page/year: 76,1282,1946

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intramuscular

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 920 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: DCTODJ Drug and Chemical Toxicology. (Marcel Dekker, 270 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016) V.1- 1977/78- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,355,1978

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 75 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - excitement Behavioral - ataxia Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

REFERENCE :: AIPTAK Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. (Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium) V.4- 1898- Volume(issue)/page/year: 59,149,1938

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 30 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: JMCMAR Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. (American Chemical Soc., Distribution Office Dept. 223, POB POB 57136, West End Stn., Washington, DC 20037) V.6- 1963- Volume(issue)/page/year: 31,683,1988

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 428 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: CTYAD8 Zhongcaoyao. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Medicine. (China International Book Trading Corp., POB 2820, Beijing, Peop. Rep. China) V.11- 1980- Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,457,1980

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 30 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: JMCMAR Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. (American Chemical Soc., Distribution Office Dept. 223, POB POB 57136, West End Stn., Washington, DC 20037) V.6- 1963- Volume(issue)/page/year: 28,1760,1985

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intradermal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 550 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - excitement Behavioral - ataxia Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

REFERENCE :: AIPTAK Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. (Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium) V.4- 1898- Volume(issue)/page/year: 59,149,1938

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 50 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - muscle weakness Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting

REFERENCE :: PSEBAA Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1903/04- Volume(issue)/page/year: 40,244,1939

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 60 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: 85IXA4 "Structure et Activite Pharmacodyanmique des Medicaments du Systeme Nerveux Vegetatif," Bovet, D., and F. Bovet-Nitti, New York, S. Karger, 1948 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,513,1948

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - cat

DOSE/DURATION :: 130 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10- Volume(issue)/page/year: 60,1,1937

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - cat

DOSE/DURATION :: 70 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: 85IXA4 "Structure et Activite Pharmacodyanmique des Medicaments du Systeme Nerveux Vegetatif," Bovet, D., and F. Bovet-Nitti, New York, S. Karger, 1948 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,483,1948

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 600 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - excitement Behavioral - ataxia Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

REFERENCE :: AIPTAK Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. (Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium) V.4- 1898- Volume(issue)/page/year: 59,149,1938

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 350 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Cardiac - pulse rate Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation

REFERENCE :: JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10- Volume(issue)/page/year: 60,14,1937

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: HBAMAK "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." (Leipzig, Ger. Dem. Rep.) Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,1311,1935

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 50 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - excitement Behavioral - ataxia Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

REFERENCE :: AIPTAK Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. (Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium) V.4- 1898- Volume(issue)/page/year: 59,149,1938

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intradermal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - excitement Behavioral - ataxia Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

REFERENCE :: AIPTAK Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. (Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium) V.4- 1898- Volume(issue)/page/year: 59,149,1938

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 1100 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10- Volume(issue)/page/year: 105,166,1952

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 400 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10- Volume(issue)/page/year: 105,166,1952

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Amphibian - frog

DOSE/DURATION :: 1 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: HBAMAK "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." (Leipzig, Ger. Dem. Rep.) Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,1311,1935

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intramuscular

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Amphibian - frog

DOSE/DURATION :: 750 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - excitement Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

REFERENCE :: PSEBAA Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1903/04- Volume(issue)/page/year: 40,244,1939 ** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

DOSE :: 20 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 26-39 week(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - cardiovascular (circulatory) system

REFERENCE :: AJOGAH American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. (C.V. Mosby Co., 11830 Westline Industrial Dr., St. Louis, MO 63146) V.1- 1920- Volume(issue)/page/year: 82,1055,1961

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Unreported

DOSE :: 1600 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 1 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - other measures of fertility

REFERENCE :: FESTAS Fertility and Sterility. (American Fertility Soc., 608 13th Ave. S, Birmingham, AL 35282) V.1- 1950- Volume(issue)/page/year: 12,346,1961 *** REVIEWS *** TOXICOLOGY REVIEW CLANA4 Clinical Anesthesia. (Philadelphia, PA 19103) V.1-11, 1963-76. Volume(issue)/page/year: 10(Pt 1),11,1973 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW FNSCA6 Forensic Science. (Lausanne, Switzerland) V.1-11, 1972-78. For pub lisher information, see FSINDR. Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,67,1973 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - A1074 No. of Facilities: 43 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 2 No. of Employees: 85 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - A1074 No. of Facilities: 380 (estimated) No. of Industries: 2 No. of Occupations: 6 No. of Employees: 11456 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 9417 (estimated)

[ Symbol ]:

GHS02, GHS06

[ Signal Word ]:
Danger

[ Hazard Statements ]:
H225-H302-H319-H331

[ Precautionary Statements ]:
P210-P261-P305 + P351 + P338-P311

[ Personal Protective Equipment ]:
Eyeshields;Faceshields;full-face particle respirator type N100 (US);Gloves;respirator cartridge type N100 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter;type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges

[ Hazard Codes ]:
T+: Very toxic;

[ Risk Phrases ]:
R26/28

[ Safety Phrases ]:
S25-S45

[ RIDADR ]:
1544

[ WGK Germany ]:
3

[ RTECS ]:
CK0700000

[ HS Code ]:
2939999090

Click to get detail synthetic route

Precursor

DownStream

[ HS Code ]: 2939999090

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