cefaclor

Cefaclor, is a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat certain infections caused by bacteria such as pneumonia and infections of the ear, lung, skin, throat, and urinary tract.Target: AntibacterialCefaclor belongs to the family of antibiotics known as the cephalosporins (cefalosporins). The cephalosporins are broad-spectrum antibiotics that are used for the treatment of septicaemia, pneumonia, meningitis, biliary tract infections, peritonitis, and urinary tract infections. The pharmacology of the cephalosporins is similar to that of the penicillins, excretion being principally renal. Cephalosporins penetrate the cerebrospinal fluid poorly unless the meninges are inflamed; cefotaxime is a more suitable cephalosporin than cefaclor for infections of the central nervous system, e.g. meningitis. Cefaclor is active against many bacteria, including both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms.Cefaclor is frequently used against bacteria responsible for causing skin infections, otitis media, urinary tract infections, and others. The following represents MIC susceptibility data for a few medically significant microorganisms. Cefaclor is passed into the breast milk in small quantities, but is generally accepted to be safe to take during breastfeeding. Cefaclor is not known to be harmful in pregnancy. Cefaclor has also been reported to cause a serum sickness-like reaction in children.

Signaling Pathways >> Anti-infection >> Bacterial

Natural Products >> Alkaloid

Research Areas >> Infection

[1]. King BA, et al. Adverse skin and joint reactions associated with oral antibiotics in children: the role of cefaclor in serum sickness-like reactions. J Paediatr Child Health. 2003 Dec;39(9):677-81.

[2]. Ito S, et al. Prospective follow-up of adverse reactions in breast-fed infants exposed to maternal medication. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993 May;168(5):1393-9.

Puromycin 2HCl | Geneticin | Tunicamycin | Hygromycin B | Salinomycin | Avibactam sodium | Neomycin sulfate | Vaborbactam | Methicillin SodiuM | Rifampicin | Metronidazole | Carbenicillin disodium | Ceftazidime | Eravacycline dihydrochloride | cefotaxime sodium

MOLECULAR FORMULA :

C15-H14-Cl-N3-O4-S

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

367.83

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :

T46 ANV ES GUTJ CMVYZR& GG HVQ

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - child

DOSE/DURATION :

131 mg/kg/7D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Musculoskeletal - joints Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, other (after systemic exposure)

REFERENCE :

CMAJAX Canadian Medical Association Journal. (Canadian Medical Assoc., POB 8650, Ottawa, ON K1G 0G8, Canada) V.1- 1911- Volume(issue)/page/year: 126,1032,1982

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - infant

DOSE/DURATION :

525 mg/kg/7D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, other (after systemic exposure) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature increase

REFERENCE :

CMAJAX Canadian Medical Association Journal. (Canadian Medical Assoc., POB 8650, Ottawa, ON K1G 0G8, Canada) V.1- 1911- Volume(issue)/page/year: 126,1032,1982

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

>20 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - ataxia Skin and Appendages - hair Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

REFERENCE :

NKRZAZ Chemotherapy (Tokyo). (Nippon Kagaku Ryoho Gakkai, 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 141, Japan) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 27(Suppl 7),765,1979

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

1259 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) Skin and Appendages - hair

REFERENCE :

NKRZAZ Chemotherapy (Tokyo). (Nippon Kagaku Ryoho Gakkai, 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 141, Japan) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 27(Suppl 7),765,1979

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

4838 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) Skin and Appendages - hair

REFERENCE :

NKRZAZ Chemotherapy (Tokyo). (Nippon Kagaku Ryoho Gakkai, 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 141, Japan) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 27(Suppl 7),765,1979

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

>20 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - ataxia Skin and Appendages - hair Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

REFERENCE :

NKRZAZ Chemotherapy (Tokyo). (Nippon Kagaku Ryoho Gakkai, 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 141, Japan) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 27(Suppl 7),765,1979

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

1227 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) Skin and Appendages - hair

REFERENCE :

NKRZAZ Chemotherapy (Tokyo). (Nippon Kagaku Ryoho Gakkai, 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 141, Japan) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 27(Suppl 7),765,1979

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

4180 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) Skin and Appendages - hair

REFERENCE :

NKRZAZ Chemotherapy (Tokyo). (Nippon Kagaku Ryoho Gakkai, 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 141, Japan) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 27(Suppl 7),765,1979 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

182 gm/kg/26W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Liver - fatty liver degeneration Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight Endocrine - changes in adrenal weight

REFERENCE :

NKRZAZ Chemotherapy (Tokyo). (Nippon Kagaku Ryoho Gakkai, 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 141, Japan) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 37(Suppl 1),919,1989

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

273 gm/kg/13W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Gastrointestinal - other changes Liver - fatty liver degeneration Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes

REFERENCE :

NKRZAZ Chemotherapy (Tokyo). (Nippon Kagaku Ryoho Gakkai, 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 141, Japan) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 37(Suppl 1),858,1989

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

105 gm/kg/35D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Gastrointestinal - other changes Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - urine volume decreased Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - other proteins

REFERENCE :

NKRZAZ Chemotherapy (Tokyo). (Nippon Kagaku Ryoho Gakkai, 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 141, Japan) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 37(Suppl 1),816,1989

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

72800 mg/kg/13W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Liver - hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Blood - normocytic anemia Blood - changes in bone marrow (not otherwise specified)

REFERENCE :

NKRZAZ Chemotherapy (Tokyo). (Nippon Kagaku Ryoho Gakkai, 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 141, Japan) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 37(Suppl 1),883,1989

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

31 gm/kg/31D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of salivary glands Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting

REFERENCE :

NKRZAZ Chemotherapy (Tokyo). (Nippon Kagaku Ryoho Gakkai, 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 141, Japan) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 27(Suppl 7),812,1979 ** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

2750 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 7-17 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - other measures of fertility

REFERENCE :

NKRZAZ Chemotherapy (Tokyo). (Nippon Kagaku Ryoho Gakkai, 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 141, Japan) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 27(Suppl 7),846,1979

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

5500 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 7-17 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

REFERENCE :

NKRZAZ Chemotherapy (Tokyo). (Nippon Kagaku Ryoho Gakkai, 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 141, Japan) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 27(Suppl 7),846,1979

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

11 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 7-17 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - extra-embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord)

REFERENCE :

NKRZAZ Chemotherapy (Tokyo). (Nippon Kagaku Ryoho Gakkai, 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 141, Japan) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 27(Suppl 7),846,1979

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

21 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :

male 9 week(s) pre-mating female 2 week(s) pre-mating - 7 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

REFERENCE :

NKRZAZ Chemotherapy (Tokyo). (Nippon Kagaku Ryoho Gakkai, 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 141, Japan) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 27(Suppl 7),865,1979

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

5 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 6-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

REFERENCE :

NKRZAZ Chemotherapy (Tokyo). (Nippon Kagaku Ryoho Gakkai, 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 141, Japan) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 27(Suppl 7),846,1979

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

10 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 6-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - sex ratio

REFERENCE :

NKRZAZ Chemotherapy (Tokyo). (Nippon Kagaku Ryoho Gakkai, 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 141, Japan) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 27(Suppl 7),846,1979

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

20 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 6-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

REFERENCE :

NKRZAZ Chemotherapy (Tokyo). (Nippon Kagaku Ryoho Gakkai, 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 141, Japan) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 27(Suppl 7),846,1979

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

130 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 6-18 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive)

REFERENCE :

NKRZAZ Chemotherapy (Tokyo). (Nippon Kagaku Ryoho Gakkai, 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 141, Japan) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 27(Suppl 7),846,1979

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

520 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 6-18 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

REFERENCE :

NKRZAZ Chemotherapy (Tokyo). (Nippon Kagaku Ryoho Gakkai, 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 141, Japan) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 27(Suppl 7),846,1979 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X3197 No. of Facilities: 210 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 4 No. of Employees: 7766 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 5838 (estimated)