Hyocholic Acid

Hyocholic Acid is a bile acid found in pig. Hyocholic Acid can also be found in urine samples from patients with cholestasis. Hyocholic Acid promotes GLP-1 secretion via activating TGR5 and inhibiting FXR in enteroendocrine cells. Hyocholic Acid is known for its exceptional resistance to type 2 diabetes [1][2][3].

Signaling Pathways >> Others >> Others

Research Areas >> Metabolic Disease

HCA (25 and 50 μM, 24 h) upregulates GLP-1 protein secretion in STC-1 and NCI-H716 cells[3]. HCA (25 and 50 μM, 24 h) upregulates proglucagon gene transcription in STC-1 and NCI-H716 cells[3]. Western Blot Analysis[3] Cell Line: NCI-H716 cells Concentration: 50 μM Incubation Time: 48 h Result: Inhibited the high expression of SHP (small heterodimer partner) induced by the FXR agonist.

Hyocholic Acid (20 mg/kg, p.o.) suppresses BA depletion-induced blood glucose increase in pigs[3]. Hyocholic Acid (100 mg/kg/day, p.o.) improves serum fasting GLP-1 secretion and glucose homeostasis in diabetic mouse models[3]. Animal Model: BA depletion pigs[3] Dosage: 20 mg/kg Administration: Oral administration (p.o.) Result: Attenuated the increased blood glucose levels corresponding with GLP-1 decrease. Animal Model: db/db model, and the high-fat diet and streptozotocin (HFD+STZ) induced diabetic model[3] Dosage: 100 mg/kg/day Administration: Oral administration (p.o.) Result: Improved oral glucose tolerances shown by lower glucose levels. Increased circulating active GLP-1 levels and fasting insulin levels.

[1]. Zheng X, et al. Hyocholic acid species as novel biomarkers for metabolic disorders. Nat Commun. 2021 Mar 5;12(1):1487.  

[2]. van Berge Henegouwen, et al. Sulphated and unsulphated bile acids in serum, bile, and urine of patients with cholestasis. Gut 17(11), 861-869 (1976).

[3]. Xiaojiao Zheng, et al. Hyocholic acid species improve glucose homeostasis through a distinct TGR5 and FXR signaling mechanism. Cell Metab. 2021 Apr 6;33(4):791-803.e7.