Tetraethylammonium chloride

Tetraethylammonium chloride is a non-selective potassium channel blocker. Tetraethylammonium chloride is a good substrate for organic cation transporter (OCTN1). Tetraethylammonium chloride antitumor properties[1][2].

Research Areas >> Cancer

Research Areas >> Neurological Disease

Signaling Pathways >> Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel >> Potassium Channel

Tetraethylammonium (0.2-60 mM; 24-72 hours; C6 and 9L glioma cells) treatment inhibits the proliferation of C6 and 9L cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner[1]. Tetraethylammonium (40 mM; 24-72 hours; C6 and 9L glioma cells) treatment significantly increases apoptosis in cells[1]. Tetraethylammonium (40 mM; 12-48 hours; C6 and 9L glioma cells) treatment significantly elevates Bax/Bcl-2 protein ratio in a time-dependent manner[1]. The generation of intracellular ROS increased in C6 and 9L cells by the addition of 20 and 40 mM Tetraethylammonium[1]. Cell Proliferation Assay[1] Cell Line: Rat C6 and 9L glioma cells Concentration: 0.2 mM, 2 mM, 20 mM, 40 mM and 60 mM Incubation Time: 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours Result: Inhibited the proliferation of C6 and 9L cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Apoptosis Analysis[1] Cell Line: Rat C6 and 9L glioma cells Concentration: 40 mM Incubation Time: 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours Result: Significantly increased apoptosis in cells. Western Blot Analysis[1] Cell Line: Rat C6 and 9L glioma cells Concentration: 40 mM Incubation Time: 12 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours Result: The expression of Bax was markedly increased, while that of Bcl-2 showed a decreasing trend 12, 24 and 48 h.

Tetraethylammonium (1 mM, 3 mM, and 5 mM) significantly increases the amplitude and frequency of contractility of colon and rectum from rats in longitudinal and circular direction. Tetraethylammonium at 5 mM and 15 mM concentrations shows no effect on histology of colon and rectum from rats that are administered locally with Tetraethylammonium into colon lumen from anus for 10 days[2].

[1]. K B Yang, et al. Tetraethylammonium inhibits glioma cells via increasing production of intracellular reactive oxygen species. Chemotherapy. 2009;55(5):372-80.

[2]. Zhe Li, et al. Tetraethylammonium enhances the rectal and colonic motility in rats and human in vitro. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2011 Aug;384(2):147-55.

MOLECULAR FORMULA :

C8-H20-N.Cl

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

165.74

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :

2K2&2&2 &Q &G

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human

DOSE/DURATION :

5 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - paresthesis Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - mydriasis (pupillary dilation) Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - ptosis

REFERENCE :

AJMSA9 American Journal of the Medical Sciences. (Slack Inc., 6900 Grove Rd., Thorofare, NJ 08086) New series: V.1- 1841- Volume(issue)/page/year: 213,572,1947

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

2630 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - tremor Behavioral - muscle weakness

REFERENCE :

JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10- Volume(issue)/page/year: 92,103,1948

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

200 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

PSEBAA Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1903/04- Volume(issue)/page/year: 78,708,1951

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

56 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - tremor Behavioral - muscle weakness

REFERENCE :

JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10- Volume(issue)/page/year: 92,103,1948

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intramuscular

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

110 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - tremor Behavioral - muscle weakness

REFERENCE :

JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10- Volume(issue)/page/year: 92,103,1948

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

833 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10- Volume(issue)/page/year: 117,169,1956

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

65 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - tremor Behavioral - muscle weakness

REFERENCE :

JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10- Volume(issue)/page/year: 92,103,1948

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

120 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10- Volume(issue)/page/year: 25,315,1925

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

37 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10- Volume(issue)/page/year: 117,169,1956

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

36 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - tremor Behavioral - muscle weakness

REFERENCE :

JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10- Volume(issue)/page/year: 92,103,1948

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intramuscular

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

58 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - tremor Behavioral - muscle weakness

REFERENCE :

JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10- Volume(issue)/page/year: 92,103,1948

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Amphibian - frog

DOSE/DURATION :

3488 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - flaccid paralysis with appropriate anesthesia Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) Behavioral - muscle weakness

REFERENCE :

SAPHAO Skandinavisches Archiv fuer Physiologie. (Stockholm, Sweden) V.1-83, 1899-1940. For publisher information, see APSCAX. Volume(issue)/page/year: 10,201,1900 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intramuscular

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

1275 mg/kg/22D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - ataxia Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression

REFERENCE :

JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10- Volume(issue)/page/year: 92,103,1948 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 84225 No. of Facilities: 21 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 2 No. of Employees: 41 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 84225 No. of Facilities: 65 (estimated) No. of Industries: 2 No. of Occupations: 3 No. of Employees: 461 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 171 (estimated)