Tulobuterol hydrochloride

Tulobuterol hydrochloride is a β2-adrenoceptor agonist.

Signaling Pathways >> GPCR/G Protein >> Adrenergic Receptor

Research Areas >> Inflammation/Immunology

β2-adrenoceptor[1]

Treatment of the cells with Tulobuterol (0.1 μM) significantly decreases the viral titers of RV14 in the supernatants from 12 h after infection compared with the titers in the cells treated with vehicle (0.001% ethanol). Tulobuterol reduces RV14 release in a concentration-dependent manner. Pretreatment of the cells with Tulobuterol reduces the viral titers of RV14 in the supernatants at concentrations of 0.1 μM or greater[2].

Tulobuterol, a sympathomimetic drug used as a transdermal patch, increases normal diaphragm muscle strength. In vivo effect of Tulobuterol is examined the on the contractility of diaphragm muscles prepared from mice treated with Endotoxin. In the in vivo treatment, E0 and E4 diaphragm muscles are analyzed at 0, 12, and 24 h after transdermal Tulobuterol treatment. The force-frequency curves of E0 and E4 diaphragm muscles at three time points are not significantly changed each other, indicating that Tulobuterol patch restores the muscle contractility. Thus, diaphragm muscle contractility is maintained during 4 h of Endotoxin administration with Tulobuterol patch for over 24 h[3].

To examine the effects of Tulobuterol, cultured human tracheal epithelial cells from the same donors are treated with either Tulobuterol (0.1 μM) or the vehicle (0.001% ethanol) from 3 days (72 h) before RV14 infection until the end of the experiments after RV14 infection[2].

Mice[3] Experiments are performed on 50 BALB/c mice weighing 21.7±0.2 g, which are divided into 2 groups. In the transdermal Tulobuterol treatment group, a small piece (4×4 mm2) of a 0.5 mg Tulobuterol patch sheet (16×16 mm2) is affxed to the shaved back of each animal and covered with a small adhesive strip. To examine the effect of transdermal Tulobuterol treatment, the diaphragm muscles of mice immediately after E.coli Endotoxin (20 mg/kg) administration are dissected and measured for contractility at 0, 12, and 24 h (n=5 each) after patch affxation, termed T0E0, T12E0, and T24E0, respectively; to examine such effect 4 h after E.coli Endotoxin (20 mg/kg) injection, the diaphragm muscles of another group of mice are dissected and measured for contractility at 0+4,12+4,and 24+4 h (n=5 each) after patch affxation,termed T0E4, T12E4, and T24E4, respectively.

[1]. Ebihara S, et al. Cough and transdermal long-acting beta2 agonist in Japan. Respir Med. 2008 Oct;102(10):1497; author reply 1498.

[2]. Yamaya M, et al. Tulobuterol inhibits rhinovirus infection in primary cultures of human tracheal epithelial cells. Physiol Rep. 2013 Aug;1(3):e00041.

[3]. Shindoh C, et al. Tulobuterol patch maintains diaphragm muscle contractility for over twenty-four hours in a mouse model of sepsis. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2009 Aug;218(4):271-8.

Isoprenaline hydrochloride | ICI 118,551 (hydrochloride) | Phenylephrine hydrochloride | Yohimbine hydrochloride | Adrenaline | Ivabradine hydrochloride | Prazosin hydrochloride | Clenbuterol hydrochloride | Phentolamine mesilate | guanfacine hydrochloride | pimozide | Sotalol hydrochloride | Carvedilol | Atenolol | Metroprolol succinate

MOLECULAR FORMULA :

C12-H18-Cl-N-O.Cl-H

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

264.22

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :

GR BYQ1MX1&1&1 &GH

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

780 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of salivary glands

REFERENCE :

ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag, Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951- Volume(issue)/page/year: 25,1028,1975

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

104 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of salivary glands

REFERENCE :

ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag, Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951- Volume(issue)/page/year: 25,1028,1975

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

349 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag, Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951- Volume(issue)/page/year: 25,1028,1975

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

42 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - chronic pulmonary edema Liver - other changes

REFERENCE :

YAKUD5 Gekkan Yakuji. Pharmaceuticals Monthly. (Yakugyo Jihosha, Inaoka Bldg., 2-36 Jinbo-cho, Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,1107,1981

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

243 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of salivary glands

REFERENCE :

ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag, Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951- Volume(issue)/page/year: 25,1028,1975

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

76 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of salivary glands

REFERENCE :

ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag, Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951- Volume(issue)/page/year: 25,1028,1975

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

121 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

IYKEDH Iyakuhin Kenkyu. Study of Medical Supplies. (Nippon Koteisho Kyokai, 12-15, 2-chome, Shibuya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150, Japan) V.1- 1970- Volume(issue)/page/year: 12,933,1981

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

40 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of salivary glands

REFERENCE :

ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag, Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951- Volume(issue)/page/year: 25,1028,1975

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

300 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - ataxia Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting

REFERENCE :

ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag, Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951- Volume(issue)/page/year: 27,1439,1977

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

150 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag, Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951- Volume(issue)/page/year: 25,1028,1975

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

45 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of salivary glands

REFERENCE :

ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag, Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951- Volume(issue)/page/year: 25,1028,1975

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

525 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of salivary glands

REFERENCE :

ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag, Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951- Volume(issue)/page/year: 25,1028,1975

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

164 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag, Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951- Volume(issue)/page/year: 25,1028,1975

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

20 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - excitement Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

REFERENCE :

ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag, Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951- Volume(issue)/page/year: 27,1439,1977 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

300 mg/kg/30D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - transaminases

REFERENCE :

YHTPAD Yaoxue Tongbao. Bulletin of Pharmacology. (China International Book Trading Corp., POB 2820, Beijing, Peop. Rep. China) V.13-23, 1978-88. For publisher information, see ZYZAEU. Volume(issue)/page/year: 19,87,1984

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

4950 mg/kg/33D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Cardiac - changes in heart weight Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - changes in lung weight Related to Chronic Data - death

REFERENCE :

OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,297,1977

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

30 mg/kg/30D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Cardiac - changes in heart weight Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes in urine composition Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

REFERENCE :

DCTODJ Drug and Chemical Toxicology. (Marcel Dekker, 270 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016) V.1- 1977/78- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,283,1984 ** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

375 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 17-21 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Maternal Effects - parturition

REFERENCE :

KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,1917,1977

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

825 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 7-17 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - sex ratio

REFERENCE :

KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,439,1977

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

375 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 17-21 day(s) after conception lactating female 21 day(s) post-birth

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - weaning or lactation index (e.g., # alive at weaning per # alive at day 4)

REFERENCE :

KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,1917,1977