Pinacidil

Names

[ Name ]:
Pinacidil

[Synonym ]:
p1134
pinacidilmonohydrate
2-cyano-3-(4-pyridyl)-1-(1,2,2-trimethylpropyl)guanidinemonohydrate
(+/-)-Pinacidil
2-Cyano-3-(4-pyridyl)-1-(1,2,2-trimethylpropyl)guanidine
s-1230
2-cyano-3-(4-pyridyl)-1-(1,2,2-trimethylpropyl)-guanidinmonohydrate
N"-cyano-N-4-pyridyl-N'-1,2,2,trimethyl propylguanidine
(+/-)-N-CYANO-N'-4-PYRIDINYL-N''-(1,2,2-TRIMETHYLPROPYL)GUANIDINE
Picacidil

Biological Activity

[Description]:

Pinacidil is a potent activator of potassium channel. Pinacidil is an antihypertensive agent which hyperpolarises vascular smooth muscle by opening K+-channels. Pinacidil significantly improves the reperfusion function and cardiac compliance. Pinacidil has direct cardioprotective efficacy[1].

[Related Catalog]:

Research Areas >> Cardiovascular Disease

Signaling Pathways >> Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel >> Potassium Channel

[Target]

potassium channel[1]

[References]

[1]. Grover GJ, et al. Anti-ischemic effects of the potassium channel activators pinacidil and cromakalim and the reversal of these effects with the potassium channel blocker glyburide. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1989;251(1):98-104.

[2]. Hamilton TC, et al. Cromakalim, nicorandil and pinacidil: novel drugs which open potassium channels in smooth muscle. Gen Pharmacol. 1989;20(1):1-9.

Chemical & Physical Properties

[ Density]:
1.1402 (rough estimate)

[ Boiling Point ]:
378.29°C (rough estimate)

[ Melting Point ]:
110-114℃

[ Molecular Formula ]:
C₁₃H₁₉N₅

[ Molecular Weight ]:
245.32300

[ Exact Mass ]:
245.16400

[ PSA ]:
73.10000

[ LogP ]:
2.81868

[ Appearance of Characters ]:
solid | white

[ Index of Refraction ]:
1.6500 (estimate)

[ Water Solubility ]:
ethanol: 14 mg/mL

Toxicological Information

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: MF0230000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Guanidine, N-cyano-N'-4-pyridinyl-N''-(1,2,2-trimethylpropyl)-, monohydrate

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 60560-33-0

LAST UPDATED :: 199706

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 11

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C13-H19-N5.H2-O

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 263.39

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 210 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: NCDREP New Cardiovascular Drugs. (Raven Press, 1185 Ave. of the Americas, New York, NY 10036) 1985- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,133,1985

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 7070 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - acute pulmonary edema Blood - hemorrhage Blood - changes in spleen

REFERENCE :: YACHDS Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (Raifu Saiensu Shuppan K.K., 2-5-13, Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 19,2473,1991

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 155 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: NCDREP New Cardiovascular Drugs. (Raven Press, 1185 Ave. of the Americas, New York, NY 10036) 1985- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,133,1985

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 412 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: NCDREP New Cardiovascular Drugs. (Raven Press, 1185 Ave. of the Americas, New York, NY 10036) 1985- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,133,1985

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 177 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: NCDREP New Cardiovascular Drugs. (Raven Press, 1185 Ave. of the Americas, New York, NY 10036) 1985- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,133,1985 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 5600 mg/kg/8W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Cardiac - changes in heart weight Endocrine - changes in adrenal weight Related to Chronic Data - changes in ovarian weight

REFERENCE :: NCDREP New Cardiovascular Drugs. (Raven Press, 1185 Ave. of the Americas, New York, NY 10036) 1985- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,133,1985

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 3276 mg/kg/26W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Cardiac - changes in heart weight Liver - changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight

REFERENCE :: NCDREP New Cardiovascular Drugs. (Raven Press, 1185 Ave. of the Americas, New York, NY 10036) 1985- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,133,1985 ** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 840 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: male 9 week(s) pre-mating female 2 week(s) pre-mating female 1-7 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

REFERENCE :: YACHDS Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (Raifu Saiensu Shuppan K.K., 2-5-13, Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 19,2491,1991

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 550 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 7-17 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death

REFERENCE :: YACHDS Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (Raifu Saiensu Shuppan K.K., 2-5-13, Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 19,2503,1991

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 550 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 7-17 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - delayed effects

REFERENCE :: YACHDS Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (Raifu Saiensu Shuppan K.K., 2-5-13, Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 19,2503,1991

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 650 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 17-21 day(s) after conception lactating female 21 day(s) post-birth

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - stillbirth Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - live birth index (measured after birth) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - sex ratio

REFERENCE :: YACHDS Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (Raifu Saiensu Shuppan K.K., 2-5-13, Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 19,2531,1991

Safety Information

[ Hazard Codes ]:
Xn

[ Risk Phrases ]:
22-36/37/38

[ Safety Phrases ]:
36

[ WGK Germany ]:
3

[ HS Code ]:
2933399090

Customs

[ HS Code ]: 2933399090

[ Summary ]:
2933399090. other compounds containing an unfused pyridine ring (whether or not hydrogenated) in the structure. VAT:17.0%. Tax rebate rate:13.0%. . MFN tariff:6.5%. General tariff:20.0%