L-leucine

L-Leucine is an essential branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), which activates the mTOR signaling pathway[1].

Signaling Pathways >> PI3K/Akt/mTOR >> mTOR

Natural Products >> Others

Research Areas >> Metabolic Disease

mTORC1

L-Leucine (10 mM) treatment impairs endocrine progenitor cell development[1]. In E13.5 rat pancreatic explants, in absence of added L-Leucine, Ngn3 mRNA levels increased after 1 day of culture, peaked on day 3, and then decreased. When L-Leucine is added, a dramatic decrease is observed in Ngn3 mRNA levels. This decrease in Ngn3 mRNA levels was paralleled by a decrease in the number of Ngn3-expressing cells (4728±408 vs. 959±28; P<0.01). Finally, L-Leucine also caused a dose-dependent repressive effect on the mRNA levels of the three genes, namely Ngn3, its target Insm1, and insulin[1]. Leucine stimulates protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs by enhancing mTORC1 activation. L-Leucine increases intracellular HIF-1α levels and activates the HIF-1α signaling pathway, and these two effects are mediated by the mTOR signaling pathway. This process results in Ngn3 repression and, consequently, decreases β-cell differentiation[1].

[1]. Rachdi L, et al. L-leucine alters pancreatic β-cell differentiation and function via the mTor signaling pathway. Diabetes. 2012 Feb;61(2):409-17.

Rapamycin (Sirolimus) | Torin 1 | MHY1485 | Sapanisertib (MLN0128) | AZD8055 | Dactolisib (BEZ235) | Vistusertib (AZD2014) | Torkinib (PP242) | LY3023414 | Torin 2 | GSK2126458(GSK458) | PF-04691502 | Salidroside | PQR-309 | OSI-027

MOLECULAR FORMULA :

C6-H13-N-O2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

131.20

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :

QVYZ1Y1&1 -L

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

5379 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

2620 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

138 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 5-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - other measures of fertility Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

DOSE :

90 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 1-6 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - other developmental abnormalities

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

DOSE :

90 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 1-6 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - body wall

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

DOSE :

90 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 1-6 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

DOSE :

60 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 6-9 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - eye/ear Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

DOSE :

60 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 6-9 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - urogenital system

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

Sister chromatid exchange

TEST SYSTEM :

Human Lymphocyte

DOSE/DURATION :

10 mg/L

REFERENCE :

MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 372,75,1996 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 5 mg/m3 JAN 1993 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 81818 No. of Facilities: 53 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 3 No. of Employees: 750 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 81818 No. of Facilities: 1037 (estimated) No. of Industries: 4 No. of Occupations: 18 No. of Employees: 21979 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 16153 (estimated)