Clavulanate potassium

[Description]:

Clavulanate potassium is a potent β-lactamase inhibitor and acts as an antibiotic[1][2].

[Related Catalog]:

Research Areas >> Infection

Signaling Pathways >> Anti-infection >> Bacterial

[Target]

β-lactamase[1]

[In Vitro]

Clavulanate potassium has weak antibacterial activity against most organisms when administered alone, but given in combination with beta-lactam antibiotics prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamase[1]. Clavulanate potassium (0.25 mg/L, 0.5 mg/L) causes a relatively slow inhibition of growth, and a higher concentration (1 mg/L) is only marginally more effective than 0.5 mg/L[2].

[References]

[1]. Reading C, et al. Clavulanic Acid: a Beta-Lactamase-Inhibiting Beta-Lactam from Streptomyces clavuligerus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1977 May; 11(5): 852–857.

[2]. Stokes DH, et al. Bactericidal effects of amoxycillin/clavulanic acid against intracellular Legionella pneumophila in tissue culture studies. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1989 Apr;23(4):547-56.

[ Boiling Point ]:
545.8ºC at 760 mmHg

[ Melting Point ]:
>1600C (dec)

[ Molecular Formula ]:
C₈H₈KNO₅

[ Molecular Weight ]:
237.251

[ Flash Point ]:
283.9ºC

[ Exact Mass ]:
237.003952

[ PSA ]:
89.90000

[ Storage condition ]:
2-8°C

Click to get detail MSDS

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: RN6802700

CHEMICAL NAME :: 4-Oxa-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 3-(2-hydroxyethylidene)-7-oxo-, monopotassium salt, (2R-(2-alpha,3Z,5-alpha))-

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 61177-45-5

LAST UPDATED :: 199510

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 17

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C8-H8-N-O5.K

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 237.27

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 7936 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

REFERENCE :: NKRZAZ Chemotherapy (Tokyo). (Nippon Kagaku Ryoho Gakkai, 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 141, Japan) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 31(Suppl 2),113,1983

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 1399 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

REFERENCE :: NKRZAZ Chemotherapy (Tokyo). (Nippon Kagaku Ryoho Gakkai, 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 141, Japan) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 31(Suppl 2),113,1983

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 1398 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

REFERENCE :: NKRZAZ Chemotherapy (Tokyo). (Nippon Kagaku Ryoho Gakkai, 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 141, Japan) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 31(Suppl 2),113,1983

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 326 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

REFERENCE :: NKRZAZ Chemotherapy (Tokyo). (Nippon Kagaku Ryoho Gakkai, 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 141, Japan) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 34(Suppl 4),69,1986

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intramuscular

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 1680 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Skin and Appendages - hair

REFERENCE :: NKRZAZ Chemotherapy (Tokyo). (Nippon Kagaku Ryoho Gakkai, 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 141, Japan) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 34(Suppl 4),69,1986

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 4526 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

REFERENCE :: NKRZAZ Chemotherapy (Tokyo). (Nippon Kagaku Ryoho Gakkai, 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 141, Japan) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 31(Suppl 2),113,1983

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 1531 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

REFERENCE :: NKRZAZ Chemotherapy (Tokyo). (Nippon Kagaku Ryoho Gakkai, 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 141, Japan) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 31(Suppl 2),113,1983

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 2185 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

REFERENCE :: NKRZAZ Chemotherapy (Tokyo). (Nippon Kagaku Ryoho Gakkai, 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 141, Japan) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 31(Suppl 2),113,1983

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 348 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

REFERENCE :: NKRZAZ Chemotherapy (Tokyo). (Nippon Kagaku Ryoho Gakkai, 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 141, Japan) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 34(Suppl 4),69,1986

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intramuscular

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: >2 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, other (after systemic exposure)

REFERENCE :: NKRZAZ Chemotherapy (Tokyo). (Nippon Kagaku Ryoho Gakkai, 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 141, Japan) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 34(Suppl 4),69,1986 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 45 gm/kg/30D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Endocrine - changes in thymus weight Blood - normocytic anemia Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

REFERENCE :: NKRZAZ Chemotherapy (Tokyo). (Nippon Kagaku Ryoho Gakkai, 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 141, Japan) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 31(Suppl 2),113,1983

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 72800 mg/kg/26W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - urine volume decreased Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

REFERENCE :: NKRZAZ Chemotherapy (Tokyo). (Nippon Kagaku Ryoho Gakkai, 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 141, Japan) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 31(Suppl 2),180,1983

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 2800 mg/kg/5W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - changes in liver weight Blood - normocytic anemia Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - phosphatases

REFERENCE :: NKRZAZ Chemotherapy (Tokyo). (Nippon Kagaku Ryoho Gakkai, 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 141, Japan) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 34(Suppl 4),96,1986 ** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 500 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 6-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - sex ratio

REFERENCE :: NKRZAZ Chemotherapy (Tokyo). (Nippon Kagaku Ryoho Gakkai, 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 141, Japan) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 31(Suppl 2),238,1983

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 100 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 6-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)

REFERENCE :: NKRZAZ Chemotherapy (Tokyo). (Nippon Kagaku Ryoho Gakkai, 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 141, Japan) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 31(Suppl 2),238,1983

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 11200 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 15-21 day(s) after conception lactating female 21 day(s) post-birth

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Maternal Effects - other effects Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)

REFERENCE :: NKRZAZ Chemotherapy (Tokyo). (Nippon Kagaku Ryoho Gakkai, 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 141, Japan) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 31(Suppl 2),252,1983

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

DOSE :: 1650 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 7-17 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

REFERENCE :: NKRZAZ Chemotherapy (Tokyo). (Nippon Kagaku Ryoho Gakkai, 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 141, Japan) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 34(Suppl 4),69,1986

[ Symbol ]:

GHS02, GHS08

[ Signal Word ]:
Danger

[ Hazard Statements ]:
H228-H317-H319-H334

[ Supplemental HS ]:
Reacts violently with water., Risk of explosion if heated under confinement.

[ Precautionary Statements ]:
P210-P261-P280-P284-P304 + P340-P305 + P351 + P338

[ Personal Protective Equipment ]:
Eyeshields;Gloves;type N95 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter

[ Hazard Codes ]:
F,Xn,Xi

[ Risk Phrases ]:
11-42/43-44-36-14

[ Safety Phrases ]:
8-16-22-36/37-45-43-26

[ RIDADR ]:
UN1325 - class 4.1 - PG 2 - Flammable solids, organic, n.o.s., HI: all

[ WGK Germany ]:
2

[ RTECS ]:
RN6802700

[ HS Code ]:
2942000000

Precursor

DownStream

[ HS Code ]: 2942000000

Antibiotics for acute otitis media: yes or no.

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The NOTA Study (Non Operative Treatment for Acute Appendicitis): prospective study on the efficacy and safety of antibiotics (amoxicillin and clavulanic acid) for treating patients with right lower quadrant abdominal pain and long-term follow-up of conservatively treated suspected appendicitis.

Ann. Surg. 260(1) , 109-17, (2014)

To assess the safety and efficacy of antibiotics treatment for suspected acute uncomplicated appendicitis and to monitor the long term follow-up of non-operated patients.Right lower quadrant abdominal...

Effect of antimicrobial treatment of acute otitis media on the daily disappearance of middle ear effusion: a placebo-controlled trial.

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