Enoximone

Names

[ Name ]:
Enoximone

[Synonym ]:
Fenoximone
Enoximonum [Latin]
2H-Imidazol-2-one, 1,3-dihydro-4-methyl-5-(4-(methylthio)benzoyl)-
5-methyl-4-(4-(methylthio)benzoyl)-1H-imidazol-2(3H)-one
[14C]-Enoximone
2H-Imidazol-2-one, 1,3-dihydro-4-methyl-5-[4-(methylthio)benzoyl]-
4-Methyl-5-[4-(methylsulfanyl)benzoyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one
Enoximona
MFCD00867130
Perfane
Enoximonum
Enoximona [Spanish]
1,3-dihydro-4-methyl-5-[4-(methylthio)benzoyl]-2H-imidazol-2-one
Enoximone
Perfan

Biological Activity

[Description]:

Enoximone is an inotropic vasodilating agent and a selective and orally active phosphodiesterase III (PDE3) inhibitor with an IC50 of 5.9 μM. Enoximone induces vasodilatation and increases intracellular levels of cAMP by inhibiting cGMP-inhibited PDE. Enoximone also exhibits PDE4 inhibitory effect with an IC50 of 21.1 μM for myocardial PDE4A. Enoximone has the potential for congestive heart failure research and has bronchodilatory, antiasthma and anti-inflammatory effects[1][2][3].

[Related Catalog]:

Research Areas >> Cardiovascular Disease

Signaling Pathways >> Metabolic Enzyme/Protease >> Phosphodiesterase (PDE)

Research Areas >> Inflammation/Immunology

[Target]

PDE3/PDE Ⅲ:5.9 μM (IC50)

PDE4A:21.1 μM (IC50, myocardial PDE4A)

[In Vitro]

In vitro, 10 μM Enoximone-treated bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) eosinophils induced by IL-33 treatment shows significantly lower CD11b expression when compared with diluent-treated BAL eosinophils[1].

[In Vivo]

Topical Enoximone (25 μg; intratracheal route) abrogates house dust mite (HDM)-induced allergic airway inflammation[1]. The Enoximone-treated (25 μg; for 5 days) HDM-exposed mice shows significant reductions in inflammatory cell numbers including eosinophils, macrophages, neutrophils, ILC2s, and T cells, indicating that Enoximone treatment reduces airway inflammation[1].

[References]

[1]. Jan Beute, et al. A Pathophysiological Role of PDE3 in Allergic Airway Inflammation. JCI Insight. 2018 Jan 25;3(2):e94888.

[2]. R C Dage, et al. Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics of Enoximone. Cardiology. 1990;77 Suppl 3:2-13; discussion 27-33.

[3]. M B Vroom, et al. Effect of Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors on Human Arteries in Vitro. Br J Anaesth. 1996 Jan;76(1):122-9.

Chemical & Physical Properties

[ Density]:
1.3±0.1 g/cm3

[ Melting Point ]:
255-258°C

[ Molecular Formula ]:
C₁₂H₁₂N₂O₂S

[ Molecular Weight ]:
248.301

[ Exact Mass ]:
248.061951

[ PSA ]:
91.02000

[ LogP ]:
3.72

[ Appearance of Characters ]:
solid | light yellow

[ Index of Refraction ]:
1.645

[ Storage condition ]:
Store at +4°C

[ Water Solubility ]:
DMSO: 28 mg/mL, soluble

MSDS

Click to get detail MSDS

Safety Information

[ Personal Protective Equipment ]:
Eyeshields;Gloves;half-mask respirator (US);multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US)

[ RIDADR ]:
3249

[ WGK Germany ]:
3

[ Packaging Group ]:
III

[ Hazard Class ]:
6.1(b)

[ HS Code ]:
2933290090

Synthetic Route

Click to get detail synthetic route

Precursor & DownStream

Precursor

DownStream

Customs

[ HS Code ]: 2933290090

[ Summary ]:
2933290090. other compounds containing an unfused imidazole ring (whether or not hydrogenated) in the structure. VAT:17.0%. Tax rebate rate:13.0%. . MFN tariff:6.5%. General tariff:20.0%

Articles

Recovery of heart function in children with acute severe heart failure.

Transplantation 85(7) , 975-9, (2008)

The prognosis of acute heart failure is such that many children are considered for transplantation. Recovery of severe heart failure in a proportion of patients diagnosed with either dilated cardiomyo...

Effects of enoximone on peripheral and central chemoreflex responses in humans.

Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 294(1) , H322-9, (2008)

cAMP plays an important role in peripheral chemoreflex function in animals. We tested the hypothesis that the phosphodiesterase inhibitor and inotropic medication enoximone increases peripheral chemor...

[Tolerance of enoximone in patients with heart failure].

Z. Kardiol. 80 Suppl 4 , 93-7, (1991)

Enoximone, a new phosphodiesterase-inhibitor with positive inotropic and vasodilating activities is available for intravenous use in patients with severe heart failure. A review of the current knowled...