20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh2

Names

[ Name ]:
20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh2

[Synonym ]:
(3β,12β)-12,20-Dihydroxydammar-24-en-3-yl β-D-glucopyranoside
β-D-Glucopyranoside, (3β,12β)-12,20-dihydroxydammar-24-en-3-yl
ginenoside Rh2
MFCD00800712
(3β,12β)-12,20-Dihydroxydammar-24-en-3-yl-β-D-glucopyranoside
dihydroxydammar-24-en-3-yl
β-D-Glucopyranoside, (3α,5ξ,9ξ,12α,13α,14β)-12,20-dihydroxydammar-24-en-3-yl
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(3R,8R,10R,12S,13S,14S,17S)-12-hydroxy-17-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
Ginsenoside Rh2
GinsenosideRh2
(3α,5ξ,9ξ,12α,13α,14β)-12,20-Dihydroxydammar-24-en-3-yl β-D-glucopyranoside
Ginsenoside Rh2, 20(S)-

Biological Activity

[Description]:

Ginsenoside Rh2 is isolated from the root of Ginseng. Ginsenoside Rh2 induces the activation of caspase-8 and caspase-9. Ginsenoside Rh2 induces cancer cell apoptosis in a multi-path manner.

[Related Catalog]:

Signaling Pathways >> Apoptosis >> Apoptosis

Signaling Pathways >> Apoptosis >> Caspase

Research Areas >> Cancer

Natural Products >> Terpenoids and Glycosides

[Target]

Caspase-8

Caspase-9

Apoptosis

[In Vitro]

Ginsenoside Rh2 induces the activation of two initiator caspases, caspase-8 and caspase-9 in human cancer cells. Ginsenoside Rh2 induces cancer cell apoptosis in a multi-path manner and is therefore a promising candidate for anti-tumor drug development. Ginsenoside Rh2 triggers p53-dependent Fas expression and consequent activation of caspase-8 and p53-independent caspase-9-mediated intrinsic pathway to cause cancer cell death.The cytotoxic activity of Ginsenoside Rh2 in the human tumor cell lines HeLa, SK-HEP-1, SW480, and PC-3 is assessed by MTT. The cell viability of HeLa cells is remarkably inhibited by Ginsenoside Rh2, with an IC50 value of 2.52 μg/mL, whereas SK-HEP-1 and SW480 cells are less sensitive to Ginsenoside Rh2, with IC50 values of 3.15 μg/mL and 4.06 μg/mL, respectively. PC-3 cells are the least vulnerable to Ginsenoside Rh2, with an IC50 value of 7.85 μg/mL, 3-fold higher than HeLa cells[1].

[In Vivo]

A total of 15 days following B16-F10 cell injection, tumor sizes from the 3 tumor bearing groups are measured. The tumor sizes in the G-L group and G-H group (G-L and G-H refer to a low or high dose of ginsenoside Rh2 injection) are reduced compared with the tumor group (P<0.05). The survival analysis reveals that the Ginsenoside Rh2 treated groups survive longer than the untreated tumor group and the effect is dose-dependent (P<0.05)[2].

[Kinase Assay]

HeLa, SK-HEP-1, SW480, and PC-3 cells are treated with Ginsenoside Rh2 (7.5 μg/mL) in serum free media for indicated time periods and then are harvested. Fifty micrograms of cell lysates are incubated with 200 nM Ac-DEVD-AFC (for caspase-3), Ac-IETD-AFC (for caspase-8), and Ac-LEHD-AFC (for caspase-9) in a reaction buffer containing 20 mM HEPES, pH 7.4, 100 mM NaCl, 10 mM DTT, 0.1% CHAPS, and 10% sucrose at 37°C for 1 h. The reaction is monitored by fluorescence emission at 535 nm and excitation at 405 nm[1].

[Cell Assay]

Determination of cell viability is performed by using MTT assay, which is used to calculate the growth inhibition induced by increasing concentrations of drug. Briefly, exponentially growing HeLa, SK-HEP-1, SW480, and PC-3 cells are seeded into a 96-well plate at 1×104 cells/well in triplicate. After incubation for 24 h, cells are treated with increasing concentration of Ginsenoside Rh2 (1, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 μg/mL) in serum free media for 48 h. At the end of treatment, 20 μL of MTT (5 mg/mL) is added to each well and incubated for an additional 4 h. The formazan grains formed by viable cells are solubilized with DMSO, and the color intensity is measured at 550 nm with an ELISA reader[1].

[Animal admin]

Mice[2] Male C57BL6 mice (3-4 weeks old) are randomly arranged into 4 groups of 80 mice: Tumor group, G-L group, G-H group and Control group. G-L and G-H refer to a low or high dose of ginsenoside Rh2 injection. For the tumor group, G-L group and G-H group, the B16-F10 cell line is injected into the mice. These 3 groups become tumor bearing groups. For the control group, the same volume of PBS is injected instead. Ginsenoside Rh2 is injected into the left back of mice in the G-L and G-H groups. The dose for the G-H group is 0.5 mg/kg or 0.2 mg/kg for G-L group, every 2 days after day 5. PBS is injected in the tumor and control groups at the same time points.

[References]

[1]. Guo XX, et al. p53-dependent Fas expression is critical for Ginsenoside Rh2 triggered caspase-8 activation in HeLa cells. Protein Cell. 2014 Mar;5(3):224-34.

[2]. Wang M, et al. Ginsenoside Rh2 enhances the antitumor immunological response of a melanoma mice model. Oncol Lett. 2017 Feb;13(2):681-685.

[Related Small Molecules]

Chemical & Physical Properties

[ Density]:
1.2±0.1 g/cm3

[ Boiling Point ]:
726.4±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ Molecular Formula ]:
C₃₆H₆₂O₈

[ Molecular Weight ]:
622.873

[ Flash Point ]:
393.1±32.9 °C

[ Exact Mass ]:
622.444458

[ PSA ]:
139.84000

[ LogP ]:
5.62

[ Vapour Pressure ]:
0.0±5.4 mmHg at 25°C

[ Index of Refraction ]:
1.572

[ Storage condition ]:
2-8°C

MSDS

Click to get detail MSDS

Safety Information

[ Symbol ]:

GHS07

[ Signal Word ]:
Warning

[ Hazard Statements ]:
H302

[ Hazard Codes ]:
Xi

[ Risk Phrases ]:
R36/37/38:Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin .

[ Safety Phrases ]:
S26-S36/37/39

[ RIDADR ]:
NONH for all modes of transport

[ WGK Germany ]:
3

[ RTECS ]:
LZ5776539

Articles

Ginsenoside Rh2 mediates changes in the microRNA expression profile of human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells.

Oncol. Rep. 29(2) , 523-8, (2013)

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer insensitive to chemotherapy. Efforts are, therefore, directed toward understanding the molecular mechanisms of chemotherapy in...

Structural modification of ginsenoside Rh(2) by fatty acid esterification and its detoxification property in antitumor.

Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 22(2) , 1082-5, (2012)

Ginsenoside Rh(2), one of the most important ginsenosides with anticancer properties in red ginseng, has been developed as principal antitumor ingredient for clinical use. However, the cytotoxicity te...

A dynamic study on reversal of multidrug resistance by ginsenoside Rh₂ in adriamycin-resistant human breast cancer MCF-7 cells.

Talanta 88 , 345-51, (2012)

The quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) dynamic measurements indicate that ginsenoside Rh(2) (G-Rh(2)) could inhibit the proliferation of adriamycin-resistant human breast cancer MCF-7 cells (MCF-7/ADR)...