Pectin

Names

[ Name ]:
Pectin

[Synonym ]:
gentisic acid dimethyl ether
Dimethylaethergentisinsaeure
6-methoxy-m-anisic acid
2,5-dimethoxy-benzoic acid
2,5-dimethoxylbenzoic acid
Benzoic acid,2,5-dimethoxy
EINECS 232-553-0
2,5-Dimethoxy-benzoesaeure
Pentose
MFCD00081838
2,5-bis-methoxybenzoic acid
GENU Pectin USP-H
polygalacturonic acid

Biological Activity

[Description]:

Pectin is a heteropolysaccharide, derived from the cell wall of higher plants. Pectin involves in the formation of nanoparticles as a delivery vehicle of drugs. Pectin is also an adsorbent, a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent that binds to bacteria toxins and other irritants in the intestinal mucosa, relieves irritated mucosa[1][2][3].

[Related Catalog]:

Research Areas >> Infection

Signaling Pathways >> Anti-infection >> Bacterial

[Target]

Human Endogenous Metabolite

[In Vitro]

Pectin (5 mg/mL; 24, 48, and 72 h) shows low cytotoxicity on HepG2 cells, and can be made into nanoparticles (PPN), encapsulating Paclitaxel (HY-B0015), decreases the Paclitaxel cytotoxicity (%) from 55.6% to 21.7% at 72 h[1]. Pectin (3, 6 mg/mL; 48 h) inhibits Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 growth, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 40 mg/mL[2]. Pectin inhibits Gram-negative Helicobacter pylori, a common human pathogen, shows highest antibacterial activity at pH 5.0, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.162 mg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 0.325 mg/mL[2]. Pectin displays lower antibacterial activity against E. coli with MICs of 25 mg/mL and 50 mg/mL and MBC values ranging between 25-50 mg/mL[2]. Pectin exhibits the antibacterial activity via its undissociated acid form[2].

[In Vivo]

Pectin serves as the nanoparticles encapsulating Paclitaxel (HY-B0015), (20 mg/kg; i.v.; single dose) significantly delays plasma clearance with detection of Paclitaxel possible up to 48 h in Balb/c mice[1].

[References]

[1]. Verma AK, et al. Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of negatively charged pectin nanoparticles encapsulating paclitaxel. Cancer Nanotechnol. 2013;4(4-5):99-102.

[2]. Ciriminna R, et al. Pectin: A Long-Neglected Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial. ChemMedChem. 2020 Dec 3;15(23):2228-2235.

[3]. Wikiera A, et al. Prozdrowotne właściwości pektyn [Health-promoting properties of pectin]. Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online). 2014 Jan 2;68:590-6. Polish.

Chemical & Physical Properties

[ Density]:
1.5±0.1 g/cm3

[ Boiling Point ]:
415.5±38.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ Melting Point ]:
6.1ºC

[ Molecular Formula ]:
C₅H₁₀O₅

[ Molecular Weight ]:
150.130

[ Flash Point ]:
219.2±23.3 °C

[ Exact Mass ]:
150.052826

[ PSA ]:
97.99000

[ LogP ]:
-2.39

[ Vapour Pressure ]:
0.0±2.2 mmHg at 25°C

[ Index of Refraction ]:
1.544

[ Storage condition ]:
2-8°C

[ Water Solubility ]:
H2O: soluble0.02g/10 mL, clear to hazy, colorless to very faintly yellow | It is soluble in water.

MSDS

Click to get detail MSDS

Toxicological Information

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: RX4280000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Pectin

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 9000-69-5

LAST UPDATED :: 199701

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 30 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: FOREAE Food Research. (Champaign, IL) V.1-25, 1936-60. For publisher information, see JFDSAZ. Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,29,1948

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 6400 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: NYKZAU Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. (Nippon Yakuri Gakkai, c/o Kyoto Daigaku Igakubu Yakurigaku Kyoshitsu, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606, Japan) V.40- 1944- Volume(issue)/page/year: 56(1),58S,1960 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 84368 No. of Facilities: 1645 (estimated) No. of Industries: 6 No. of Occupations: 13 No. of Employees: 16045 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X7456 No. of Facilities: 1936 (estimated) No. of Industries: 9 No. of Occupations: 19 No. of Employees: 54050 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 46189 (estimated)

Safety Information

[ Personal Protective Equipment ]:
Eyeshields;Gloves;type N95 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter

[ Safety Phrases ]:
S24/25

[ RIDADR ]:
NONH for all modes of transport

[ RTECS ]:
RX4280000

[ HS Code ]:
1302200000

Customs

[ HS Code ]: 1302200000

Articles

Development of a green binder system for paper products.

BMC Biotechnol. 13 , 28, (2013)

It is important for industries to find green chemistries for manufacturing their products that have utility, are cost-effective and that protect the environment. The paper industry is no exception. Re...

Dietary pectin-derived acidic oligosaccharides improve the pulmonary bacterial clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in mice by modulating intestinal microbiota and immunity.

J. Infect. Dis. 211(1) , 156-65, (2015)

A predominantly T-helper type 2 (Th2) immune response is critical in the prognosis of pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. But the mucosal and systemic immune responses can be influenced by the...

Aegle marmelos fruit pectin for food and pharmaceuticals: Physico-chemical, rheological and functional performance.

Carbohydr. Polym. 93(2) , 386-94, (2013)

Pectin is used in a number of foods as a gelling agent, thickener, texturizer, emulsifier and stabilizer. Bael fruit, obtained from Aegle marmelos, is a rich source of pectin. Bael fruit pectin (BFP) ...