Enrofloxacin

Names

[ Name ]:
Enrofloxacin

[Synonym ]:
bayvp2674
Enorfloxacin
Enrolfoxacin
1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethyl-piperazinyl)-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid
cfpq
Enrofoxacin
Enrofloxacin
1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(4-ethyl-1-piperazinyl)-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid
1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethyl-1-piperazinyl)-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid
ROFLOXACIN BASE
MFCD01861684
Baytri
1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(4-ethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid
1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(4-ethylpiperazino)-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid

Biological Activity

[Description]:

Enrofloxacin is an effective antibiotic with an MIC90 of 0.312 μg/mL for Mycoplasma bovis.

[Related Catalog]:

Signaling Pathways >> Anti-infection >> Bacterial

Research Areas >> Infection

[Target]

MIC90: 0.312 μg/mL ( Mycoplasma bovis)[1]

[In Vitro]

Mycoplasma bovis is a worldwide pathogen, causative agent of pneumonia, mastitis, arthritis, and a variety of other symptoms in cattle. The antibiotic susceptibility profiles of the Hungarian strains are consistent within the tested group of fluoroquinolones. Three isolates (MYC44, MYC45 and MYC46) have high MIC values (≥10 μg/mL) to Enrofloxacin, while the rest of the strains are inhibited by Enrofloxacin with MICs ≤0.312 or 0.625 μg/mL[1].

[In Vivo]

Mice (n=80) undergo transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) with reperfusion after 60 minutes. After MCAo, animals are randomly assigned to receive either a daily preventive medication (n=26, Enrofloxacin) starting at the day of MCAo or a therapeutic medication (n=25; Enrofloxacin) after diagnosis of lung infection. Standard treatment started immediately after the appearance of clinical signs (general health score>6) usually between day 4 and 6 after stroke. Both, preventive and standard antibiotic treatment using Enrofloxacin improve survival in a similar way compared with placebo treatment[2].

[Animal admin]

Mice[2] 11- to 14-week-old C57Bl6/J male mice are used. Enrofloxacin (2.5% oral solution) is dispensed in saline (2 mg/mL), antibiotic-treated animals receive a daily orally dispensed dose of 10 mg/kg body weight via feeding needle every 12 hours over a period of 7 days, while placebo animals receive the same amount of saline via feeding needle. Animals of preventive antibiotic group obtained Enrofloxacin after waking from reperfusion anesthesia (ca. 1 hour after operation). Therapeutic antibiotic treatment is given immediately after appearance of clinical signs (general health score>5) and confirmation of lung infection by MRI (signal rate≥5%). The group allocation is randomized[2].

[References]

[1]. Sulyok KM, et al.Antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Mycoplasma bovis strains isolated from cattle in Hungary, Central Europe. BMC Vet Res. 2014 Oct 25;10:256.

[2]. Hetze S, et al. Superiority of preventive antibiotic treatment compared with standard treatment of poststroke pneumonia in experimental stroke: a bed to bench approach. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2013 Jun;33(6):846-54.

[Related Small Molecules]

Chemical & Physical Properties

[ Density]:
1.4±0.1 g/cm3

[ Boiling Point ]:
560.5±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ Melting Point ]:
225 °C

[ Molecular Formula ]:
C₁₉H₂₂FN₃O₃

[ Molecular Weight ]:
359.395

[ Flash Point ]:
292.8±30.1 °C

[ Exact Mass ]:
359.164520

[ PSA ]:
65.78000

[ LogP ]:
1.88

[ Vapour Pressure ]:
0.0±1.6 mmHg at 25°C

[ Index of Refraction ]:
1.634

[ Storage condition ]:
-20°C Freezer

MSDS

Click to get detail MSDS

Toxicological Information

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: VB1993650

CHEMICAL NAME :: 3-Quinolinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethyl-1-piperazinyl)-6 -fluoro- 4-oxo-

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 93106-60-6

LAST UPDATED :: 199612

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 5

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C19-H22-F-N3-O3

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 359.44

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 5 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 4336 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 200 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Mutation in microorganisms

TEST SYSTEM :: Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium

DOSE/DURATION :: 60 ng/plate

REFERENCE :: MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 248,135,1991

Safety Information

[ Personal Protective Equipment ]:
Eyeshields;Gloves;type N95 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter

[ Hazard Codes ]:
Xi: Irritant;

[ Risk Phrases ]:
R36/37/38

[ Safety Phrases ]:
26-36/37

[ RIDADR ]:
NONH for all modes of transport

[ WGK Germany ]:
3

[ RTECS ]:
VB1993650

Synthetic Route

Click to get detail synthetic route

Precursor & DownStream

Precursor

DownStream

Articles

Experimental study of the impact of antimicrobial treatments on Campylobacter, Enterococcus and PCR-capillary electrophoresis single-strand conformation polymorphism profiles of the gut microbiota of chickens.

J. Med. Microbiol. 63(Pt 11) , 1552-60, (2014)

An experiment was conducted to compare the impact of antimicrobial treatments on the susceptibility of Campylobacter, Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis, and on the diversity of broiler mi...

Ultrastructural changes associated with dexamethasone-induced ocular hypertension in mice.

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 55(8) , 4922-33, (2014)

To determine whether dexamethasone (DEX)-induced ocular hypertension (OHT) in mice mimics the hallmarks of steroid-induced glaucoma (SIG) in humans, including reduced conventional outflow facility (C)...

New plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone efflux pump, QepA, found in an Escherichia coli clinical isolate.

Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 51 , 3354-60, (2007)

Plasmid-mediated Qnr and AAC(6')-Ib-cr have been recognized as new molecular mechanisms affecting fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance. C316, an Escherichia coli strain demonstrating resistance to various ...