Gallic acid

Modify Date: 2024-01-02 13:05:25

Gallic acid Structure
Gallic acid structure
 Common Name Gallic acid
CAS Number 149-91-7 Molecular Weight 170.120
Density 1.7±0.1 g/cm3 Boiling Point 501.1±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Formula C7H6O5 Melting Point 252 °C (dec.)(lit.)
MSDS Chinese USA Flash Point 271.0±26.6 °C

 Use of Gallic acid


Gallic acid is an antioxidant which can inhibit both COX-2.

 Names

Name gallic acid
Synonym More Synonyms

 Gallic acid Biological Activity

Description Gallic acid is an antioxidant which can inhibit both COX-2.
Related Catalog
Target

COX-2

In Vitro Gallic acid is an antioxidant which can inhibit both COX-2[1]. After 18 h treatment with Gallic acid, the number of viable neutrophils is dramatically decreased from 40.3% to 27.7%, highly comparable with 26.4% for untreated neutrophils. Gallic acid fails to attenuate isoproterenol-induced myocytolysis[3].
In Vivo The food intake (2.6±0.08 g/day, p=0.69) and the body weight (2.5±0.69 g, p=0.76) of the Gallic acid group do not differ significantly from those of the control group (food intake; 2.41±0.14 g/day and the body weight; 2.83±0.84 g/day). The blood glucose tolerance in the Gallic acid group is significantly improved after 2 weeks of treatment. The blood glucose tolerance of the Gallic acid group after a treatment period of 2 weeks is also significantly better than that of the control group at 90 and 120 min ( p<0.05). The serum triglyceride concentration in the Gallic acid group (0.67±0.03 mM, p<0.05) is significantly reduced relative to that of the control group (1.08±0.20 mM). The total cholesterol concentration is similar in the control (3.19±0.27 mM) and Gallic acid (3.01±0.18 mM) groups[2].
Cell Assay Neutrophils are treated with 8 μg/mL Gallic acid in RPMI1640/10% FBS for 3, 6, 9, and 18 h. At the end of Gallic acid treatment, the cells are stained with Annexin V-FITC and PI according to manufacturer's instructions. Briefly, the cells are washed twice with ice-cold PBS and resuspended in 1× Binding Buffer at a concentration of 1×106 cells/mL. Cell suspensions (1×105 cells in 100 μL) are incubated with 5 μL of Annexin V-FITC and 10 μL PI in a 5 mL culture tube at room temperature for 20 min. The stained cells are immediately analyzed on flow cytometry system[3].
Animal Admin Five-week-old male C57BL/6 mice are used in this study. The animals are maintained in a temperature-controlled room at 22° C on a 12 h light-dark photocycle. The mice are divided into the control vehicle group and the Gallic acid group. For 2 weeks, the mice are administered intraperitoneal treatment on a daily basis with vehicle (10% alcohol, 10% tween 80, and 80% saline) alone or with 10 mg/kg Gallic acid. After this treatment, GTTs are again conducted, and the blood samples are taken for subsequent biochemical analysis. Over the experimental period, food intake and body weight are measured on a daily basis[2].
References

[1]. Amaravani M, et al. COX-2 structural analysis and docking studies with gallic acid structural analogues. Springerplus. 2012 Dec;1(1):58.

[2]. Bak EJ, et al. Gallic acid improves glucose tolerance and triglyceride concentration in diet-induced obesity mice. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2013 Dec;73(8):607-14.

[3]. Cheng Y, et al. Plant Natural Products Calycosin and Gallic Acid Synergistically Attenuate Neutrophil Infiltration and Subsequent Injury in Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction: A Possible Role for Leukotriene B4 12-Hydroxydehydrogenase? Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2015;2015:434052.

 Chemical & Physical Properties

Density 1.7±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point 501.1±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point 252 °C (dec.)(lit.)
Molecular Formula C7H6O5
Molecular Weight 170.120
Flash Point 271.0±26.6 °C
Exact Mass 170.021530
PSA 97.99000
LogP 0.91
Vapour Pressure 0.0±1.4 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction 1.730
Stability Stability Stable, but may discolour upon exposure to light. Hygroscopic. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, acid chlorides, acid anhydrides.
Water Solubility 12 g/L cold water

 Toxicological Information

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :
LW7525000
CHEMICAL NAME :
Gallic acid
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
149-91-7
BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :
2050274
LAST UPDATED :
199701
DATA ITEMS CITED :
12
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
C7-H6-O5
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
170.13
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
QVR CQ DQ EQ

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
5 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
4300 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
320 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
5 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - chronic pulmonary edema Liver - other changes Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
DOSE :
5 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 1 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Maternal Effects - ovaries, fallopian tubes
TYPE OF TEST :
Cytogenetic analysis

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
Cytogenetic analysis
TEST SYSTEM :
Rodent - hamster Ovary
DOSE/DURATION :
50 mg/L
REFERENCE :
CALEDQ Cancer Letters (Shannon, Ireland). (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1975- Volume(issue)/page/year: 14,251,1981 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 84280 No. of Facilities: 549 (estimated) No. of Industries: 21 No. of Occupations: 10 No. of Employees: 2520 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 84280 No. of Facilities: 294 (estimated) No. of Industries: 14 No. of Occupations: 8 No. of Employees: 2184 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 252 (estimated)

 Safety Information

Personal Protective Equipment dust mask type N95 (US);Eyeshields;Gloves
Hazard Codes Xi:Irritant
Risk Phrases R36/37/38
Safety Phrases S26-S36-S24/25
RIDADR NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany 2
RTECS LW7525000
HS Code 2918290000

 Synthetic Route

 Customs

HS Code 2918290000
Summary HS: 2918290000 other carboxylic acids with phenol function but without other oxygen function, their anhydrides, halides, peroxides, peroxyacids and their derivatives Tax rebate rate:9.0% Supervision conditions:AB(certificate of inspection for goods inward,certificate of inspection for goods outward) VAT:17.0% MFN tariff:6.5% General tariff:30.0%

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 Synonyms

3,4,5-trihydroxybenzenoic Acid
Gallic acid
Benzoic acid, 3,4,5-trihydroxy-
graphite oxide
kyselinagallova
3,4,5-Trihydroxy-benzoic acid
Acid, Gallic
BETZ 0276
3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid
gallic
Galloyl alcohol
MFCD00002510
Gallussaure
graphitic acid
3-10-00-02070 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
EINECS 205-749-9
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