Aminophylline

Modify Date: 2024-01-02 18:09:16

Aminophylline Structure
Aminophylline structure
 Common Name Aminophylline
CAS Number 317-34-0 Molecular Weight 420.426
Density N/A Boiling Point 454.1ºC at 760mmHg
Molecular Formula C16H24N10O4 Melting Point 269-270 °C
MSDS Chinese USA Flash Point N/A
Symbol GHS06
GHS06		 Signal Word Danger

 Use of Aminophylline


Aminophylline is a competitive nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor that is used to treat airway obstruction from asthma or COPD.Target: PhosphodiesteraseAminophylline is a compound of the bronchodilator theophylline with ethylenediamine in 2:1 ratio. The ethylenediamine improves solubility, and the aminophylline is usually found as a dihydrate. Aminophylline is less potent and shorter-acting than theophylline. Its most common use is in the treatment of airway obstruction from asthma or COPD. It is used off-label as a reversal agent during nuclear stress testing. Aminophylline is a nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist and phosphodiesterase inhibitor.Adenosine is an endogenous extracellular messenger that can regulate myocardial oxygen needs. It acts through cellular surface receptors which effect intracellular signalling pathways to increase coronary artery blood flow, slow heart rate, block atrioventricular node conduction, suppress cardiac automaticity, and decrease β-adrenergic effects on contractility. Adenosine also antagonizes chronotropic and ionotropic effects of circulating catecholamines. Overall, adenosine decreases the heart's rate and force of contraction, which increases blood supply to the cardiac muscle. Given specific circumstances this mechanism (which is intended to protect the heart) may cause atropine-resistant refractory bradyasystole. Adenosine's effects are concentration-dependent. Adenosine's receptors are competitively antagonized by methylxanthines such as aminophylline. Aminophylline competitively antagonizes the cardiac actions of adenosine at the cell surface receptors. Thus, it increases heart rate and contractility.

 Names

Name Aminophylline
Synonym More Synonyms

 Aminophylline Biological Activity

Description Aminophylline is a competitive nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor that is used to treat airway obstruction from asthma or COPD.Target: PhosphodiesteraseAminophylline is a compound of the bronchodilator theophylline with ethylenediamine in 2:1 ratio. The ethylenediamine improves solubility, and the aminophylline is usually found as a dihydrate. Aminophylline is less potent and shorter-acting than theophylline. Its most common use is in the treatment of airway obstruction from asthma or COPD. It is used off-label as a reversal agent during nuclear stress testing. Aminophylline is a nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist and phosphodiesterase inhibitor.Adenosine is an endogenous extracellular messenger that can regulate myocardial oxygen needs. It acts through cellular surface receptors which effect intracellular signalling pathways to increase coronary artery blood flow, slow heart rate, block atrioventricular node conduction, suppress cardiac automaticity, and decrease β-adrenergic effects on contractility. Adenosine also antagonizes chronotropic and ionotropic effects of circulating catecholamines. Overall, adenosine decreases the heart's rate and force of contraction, which increases blood supply to the cardiac muscle. Given specific circumstances this mechanism (which is intended to protect the heart) may cause atropine-resistant refractory bradyasystole. Adenosine's effects are concentration-dependent. Adenosine's receptors are competitively antagonized by methylxanthines such as aminophylline. Aminophylline competitively antagonizes the cardiac actions of adenosine at the cell surface receptors. Thus, it increases heart rate and contractility.
Related Catalog
References

[1]. Essayan DM. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001 Nov;108(5):671-80.

[2]. Daly JW, et al. Adenosine receptors: development of selective agonists and antagonists. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1987;230:41-63.

 Chemical & Physical Properties

Boiling Point 454.1ºC at 760mmHg
Melting Point 269-270 °C
Molecular Formula C16H24N10O4
Molecular Weight 420.426
Exact Mass 420.198212
PSA 197.40000
Storage condition −20°C
Water Solubility soluble

 Toxicological Information

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :
XH5600000
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
317-34-0
LAST UPDATED :
199701
DATA ITEMS CITED :
35
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
C7-H8-N4-O2.1/2C2-H8-N2
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
210.25
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
T56 BM DN FNVNVJ F H & 2 &621 &Z2Z &622

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
1420 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Cardiac - other changes Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - infant
DOSE/DURATION :
7595 mg/kg/5D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
19 mg/kg/3D
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - withdrawal Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION :
120 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Endocrine - hyperglycemia Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - changes in potassium Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - metabolic acidosis
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human
DOSE/DURATION :
139 mg/kg/7D-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity Behavioral - coma Cardiac - arrhythmias (including changes in conduction)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Rectal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - child
DOSE/DURATION :
39 mg/kg/8H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - coma Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - dehydration
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Rectal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - child
DOSE/DURATION :
221 mg/kg/3D
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature increase
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
243 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
129 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
176 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
104 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intramuscular
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
167 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of salivary glands
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
150 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
37 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
186 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
125 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intramuscular
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
215 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - tremor Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
350 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
200 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
150 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Rectal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
200 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
330 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
150 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
184 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of salivary glands
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
130 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
222 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
143 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of salivary glands
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
2400 mg/kg/12D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data - death
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
200 mg/kg/8D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Immunological Including Allergic - increase in humoral immune response
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
175 mg/kg/7D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Immunological Including Allergic - decrease in cellular immune response

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
Cytogenetic analysis
TEST SYSTEM :
Rodent - mouse Mammary gland
DOSE/DURATION :
500 mg/L/24H (Continuous)
REFERENCE :
JTSCDR Journal of Toxicological Sciences. (Japanese Soc. of Toxicological Sciences, 4th Floor, Gakkai Center Bldg., 4-16, Yayoi 2-chome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan) V.1- 1976- Volume(issue)/page/year: 5,141,1980 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 0.5 mg/m3 JAN 1993 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 84313 No. of Facilities: 2405 (estimated) No. of Industries: 4 No. of Occupations: 18 No. of Employees: 10320 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 84313 No. of Facilities: 724 (estimated) No. of Industries: 5 No. of Occupations: 16 No. of Employees: 37320 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 28051 (estimated)

 Safety Information

Symbol GHS06
GHS06
Signal Word Danger
Hazard Statements H301
Precautionary Statements P301 + P310
Personal Protective Equipment dust mask type N95 (US);Eyeshields;Faceshields;Gloves
Hazard Codes C:Corrosive
Risk Phrases R22;R34;R42/43
Safety Phrases S45-S36/37/39-S26-S23
RIDADR UN 2811 6.1/PG 3
WGK Germany 3
RTECS XH5600000
Packaging Group III
Hazard Class 6.1(b)
HS Code 2939590000

 Customs

HS Code 2933990090
Summary 2933990090. heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen hetero-atom(s) only. VAT:17.0%. Tax rebate rate:13.0%. . MFN tariff:6.5%. General tariff:20.0%

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 Synonyms

1,3-Dimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purin-2,6-dion-ethan-1,2-diamin(2:1)
1,3-diméthyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione - éthane-1,2-diamine (2:1)
Cidophylline
Theophylline ethylenediamine
Aminophylline
Etilen-Xantisan
lasodex
1H-Purine-2,6-dione, 3,7-dihydro-1,3-dimethyl-, compd. with 1,2-ethanediamine (2:1)
aminodur
euufilin
Novophyllin
Variaphylline LA
cariomin
EINECS 206-264-5
tefamin
1,3-Dimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione - 1,2-ethanediamine (2:1)
th/100
CaRine
Ethylenediamine compd. with Theophylline (1:2)
1,3-Dimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione - ethane-1,2-diamine (2:1)
MFCD00013221
1H-purine-2,6-dione, 3,9-dihydro-1,3-dimethyl-, compd. with 1,2-ethanediamine (2:1)
Pecram
Novphyllin
dobo
carena
theomin
eufilina
1,3-Dimethyl-3,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione - ethane-1,2-diamine (2:1)
Aminophylline ethylenediamine
1,2-Ethanediamine compd. with 3,7-Dihydro-1,3-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione (1:2)
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