AR-A014418
Modify Date: 2024-01-02 13:17:52
AR-A014418 structure
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Common Name | AR-A014418 | ||
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| CAS Number | 487021-52-3 | Molecular Weight | 308.313 | |
| Density | 1.5±0.1 g/cm3 | Boiling Point | N/A | |
| Molecular Formula | C12H12N4O4S | Melting Point | 208-210?C (dec.) | |
| MSDS | Chinese USA | Flash Point | N/A | |
| Symbol |
GHS05, GHS07 |
Signal Word | Danger | |
Use of AR-A014418AR-A014418 is a potent, selective and ATP-competitive GSK3β inhibitor with an IC50 of 104 nM。 |
| Name | 1-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-(5-nitro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)urea |
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| Synonym | More Synonyms |
| Description | AR-A014418 is a potent, selective and ATP-competitive GSK3β inhibitor with an IC50 of 104 nM。 |
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| Related Catalog | |
| Target |
GSK-3β:104 nM (IC50) |
| In Vitro | AR-A014418 blocks the phosphorylation of tau at a GSK3-specific site (Ser-396) in 3T3 fibroblasts expressing human four-repeat tau protein, with an IC50 of 2.7 μM, and protects cultured N2A cells from death cuased by PI3K/PKB pathway blockage. AR-A014418 also shows inhibitory effect on neurodegeneration mediated by beta-amyloid peptide in hippocampal slices[1]. AR-A014418 decreases neuroendocrine markers and suppresses neuroblastoma cell growth in NGP and SH-5Y-SY cells[2]. |
| In Vivo | AR-A014418 (0-4 mg/kg, i.p.) delays the onset of symptoms, enhances motor activity, blocks disease progression, and postpons the endpoint of the disease in ALS mouse model with the G93A mutant human SOD1[3]. Furthermore, AR-A014418 suppresses acetic acid- and formalin-induced nociception in mice via modulating NMDA and metabotropic receptor signaling as well as TNF-α and IL-1β transmission in the spinal cord[4]. |
| Kinase Assay | The competition experiments are carried out in duplicate with 10 concentrations of the inhibitor in clear-bottomed microtiter plates. The biotinylated peptide substrate, biotin-AAEELDSRAGS(PO3H2)PQL, is added at a final concentration of 2 μM in an assay buffer containing 6 milliunits of recombinant human GSK3 (equal mix of both α and β), 12 mM MOPS, pH 7.0, 0.3 mM EDTA, 0.01% β-mercaptoethanol, 0.004% Brij 35, 0.5% glycerol, and 0.5 μg of bovine serum albumin/25 μL and preincubated for 10-15 min. The reaction is initiated by the addition of 0.04 μCi of [γ-33P]ATP and unlabeled ATP in 50 mM Mg(Ac)2 to a final concentration of 1 μM ATP and assay volume of 25 μL. Blank controls without peptide substrate are used. After incubation for 20 min at room temperature, each reaction is terminated by the addition of 25 μL of stop solution containing 5 mM EDTA, 50 μM ATP, 0.1% Triton X-100, and 0.25 mg of streptavidin-coated SPA beads corresponding to appr 35 pmol of binding capacity. After 6 h the radioactivity is determined in a liquid scintillation counter. Inhibition curves are analyzed by non-linear regression using GraphPad Prism. |
| Cell Assay | Cell viability is assessed by calcein/propidium iodide uptake. Calcein AM is taken up and cleaved by esterases present within living cells, yielding yellowish-green fluorescence, whereas PI is only taken up by dead cells, which become orange-red fluorescent. In brief, N2A cells are cultured for 2 days in vitro and then treated with 50 μM LY-294002 in the presence of AR-A014418 or vehicle (DMSO) for 24 h. Subsequently, N2A cells are incubated for 30 min with 2 μM PI and 1 μM calcein-AM. The cultures are then rinsed three times with Hanks' buffered saline solution containing 2 mM CaCl2, and the cells are visualized by fluorescence microscopy using a Zeiss Axiovert 135 microscope. Three fields (selected at random) are analyzed per well (appr 300 cells/field) in at least three different experiments. Cell death is expressed as percentage of PI-positive cells from the total number of cells. In every experiment, specific cell death is obtained after subtracting the number of dead cells present in vehicle-treated cultures. |
| Animal Admin | First, to examine the effects of GSK-3 inhibition on the clinical symptoms, life span, and motor behavior function of ALS, 56 Tg mice are divided into four groups. In each group, 0.5 mL of normal saline is mixed with either 0 μg (control group), 1 μg (group A), 2 μg (group B) or 4 μg (group C) of AR-A014418 per gram of mouse, and injected intraperitoneally into 14 animals per group 5 days a week beginning 60 days after birth. The mice are sacrificed at the endpoint described below. |
| References |
| Density | 1.5±0.1 g/cm3 |
|---|---|
| Melting Point | 208-210?C (dec.) |
| Molecular Formula | C12H12N4O4S |
| Molecular Weight | 308.313 |
| Exact Mass | 308.057922 |
| PSA | 137.31000 |
| LogP | 1.43 |
| Appearance of Characters | off-white to tan |
| Index of Refraction | 1.666 |
| Storage condition | 2-8°C |
| Water Solubility | DMSO: ≥20mg/mL, clear, light yellow |
| Symbol |
GHS05, GHS07 |
|---|---|
| Signal Word | Danger |
| Hazard Statements | H302-H315-H318-H335 |
| Precautionary Statements | P261-P280-P305 + P351 + P338 |
| Personal Protective Equipment | dust mask type N95 (US);Eyeshields;Gloves |
| Hazard Codes | Xn |
| Risk Phrases | 22-37/38-41 |
| Safety Phrases | 26-36/39 |
| RIDADR | NONH for all modes of transport |
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Blockage of GSK3β-mediated Drp1 phosphorylation provides neuroprotection in neuronal and mouse models of Alzheimer's disease.
Neurobiol. Aging 36(1) , 211-27, (2014) It is well established that mitochondrial fragmentation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mitochondrial fission is mediated by dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), which i... |
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Thr175-phosphorylated tau induces pathologic fibril formation via GSK3β-mediated phosphorylation of Thr231 in vitro.
Neurobiol. Aging 36 , 1590-9, (2015) We have previously shown that amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with cognitive impairment can be characterized by pathologic inclusions of microtubule-associated protein tau (tau) phosphorylated at Thr(17... |
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Signal transducers and activators of transcription 3-induced metastatic potential in gastric cancer cells is enhanced by glycogen synthase kinase-3β.
APMIS 123 , 373-82, (2015) The transcription factor signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) can promote cancer metastasis, but its underlying regulatory mechanisms in gastric cancer cell invasiveness still ... |
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| AR-A014418 |
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