Lithium carbonate

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

73.89

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :

LI2 C-O3

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :

25 gm/kg/4Y-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - tremor Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - miosis (pupillary constriction)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - woman

DOSE/DURATION :

612 mg/kg/44D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - sleep Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, allergic (after systemic exposure)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :

8 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, other (after systemic exposure)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - woman

DOSE/DURATION :

8760 mg/kg/2Y-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Endocrine - thyroid weight (goiter) Endocrine - evidence of thyroid hyperfunction

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human

DOSE/DURATION :

4111 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - tremor Behavioral - muscle weakness Gastrointestinal - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :

54 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - sleep Behavioral - hallucinations, distorted perceptions

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - woman

DOSE/DURATION :

120 mg/kg/10D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - excitement

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :

1080 mg/kg/13W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, allergic (after systemic exposure)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - woman

DOSE/DURATION :

556 mg/kg/32D

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - toxic psychosis

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

525 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

156 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

434 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression Skin and Appendages - hair

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

241 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

531 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

236 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - excitement Behavioral - ataxia

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

413 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

497 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

4500 mg/kg/30D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - dehydration Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

18200 mg/kg/26W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Endocrine - changes in adrenal weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

36400 mg/kg/52W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Cardiac - changes in heart weight Gastrointestinal - other changes Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - woman

DOSE/DURATION :

3600 mg/kg/21W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Blood - leukemia

TYPE OF TEST :

TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - woman

DOSE/DURATION :

21 gm/kg/3.5Y-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Endocrine - thyroid tumors

TYPE OF TEST :

TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - woman

DOSE/DURATION :

5940 mg/kg/47W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Blood - leukemia

TYPE OF TEST :

TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :

6132 mg/kg/2Y-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Blood - leukemia

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

3072 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 1-37 week(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - other neonatal measures or effects

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

4900 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 1-35 week(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - cardiovascular (circulatory) system

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

4256 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 1-38 week(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - Apgar score (human only) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - other neonatal measures or effects

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

10080 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 26 week(s) pre-mating - 34 week(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - stillbirth

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Unreported

DOSE :

540 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 35-39 week(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - other neonatal measures or effects

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Unreported

DOSE :

556 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 30-34 week(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - other neonatal measures or effects

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Unreported

DOSE :

11520 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 7 week(s) pre-mating female 1-38 week(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - gastrointestinal system

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Unreported

DOSE :

11520 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 7 week(s) pre-mating female 1-38 week(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - Apgar score (human only) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - other neonatal measures or effects

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

600 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 9-14 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

1 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 6-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

1050 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 1-21 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - litter size (e.g. # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

1050 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

lactating female 21 day(s) post-birth

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

4650 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 6-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

4650 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 6-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue) Reproductive - Fertility - litter size (e.g. # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

2 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 8-12 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - live birth index (measured after birth)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

600 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 7-12 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - sex ratio

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

DOSE :

40 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 8 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

DOSE :

200 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 8 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

DOSE :

200 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 9 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

DOSE :

300 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 8 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Unreported

DOSE :

4650 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 6-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

240 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 36-115 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - stillbirth Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - live birth index (measured after birth) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - weaning or lactation index (e.g., # alive at weaning per # alive at day 4)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

240 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 36-115 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - other neonatal measures or effects

TYPE OF TEST :

Cytogenetic analysis

TYPE OF TEST :

DNA inhibition

TYPE OF TEST :

Cytogenetic analysis

TYPE OF TEST :

Sister chromatid exchange

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

Mutation in mammalian somatic cells

TEST SYSTEM :

Rodent - hamster Lung

DOSE/DURATION :

2 gm/L

REFERENCE :

MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 169,171,1986 *** REVIEWS *** TOXICOLOGY REVIEW DICPBB Drug Intelligence and Clinical Pharmacy. (POB 42435, Cincinnati, OH 45242) V.3- 1969- Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,690,1974 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 84414 No. of Facilities: 1035 (estimated) No. of Industries: 8 No. of Occupations: 10 No. of Employees: 6333 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X6906 No. of Facilities: 3 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 1 No. of Employees: 198 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 151 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 84414 No. of Facilities: 2182 (estimated) No. of Industries: 17 No. of Occupations: 31 No. of Employees: 39147 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 17568 (estimated)