Betaine Hydrochloride

Modify Date: 2024-01-01 21:29:16

Betaine Hydrochloride Structure
Betaine Hydrochloride structure
 Common Name Betaine Hydrochloride
CAS Number 590-46-5 Molecular Weight 153.607
Density 1 g/cm3 Boiling Point N/A
Molecular Formula C5H12ClNO2 Melting Point 241-242 °C(lit.)
MSDS Chinese USA Flash Point N/A
Symbol GHS07
GHS07		 Signal Word Warning

 Use of Betaine Hydrochloride


Betaine hydrochloride is a natural compound found in many foods and also an active methyl-donor which can maintain normal DNA methylation patterns.

 Names

Name Betaine hydrochloride
Synonym More Synonyms

 Betaine Hydrochloride Biological Activity

Description Betaine hydrochloride is a natural compound found in many foods and also an active methyl-donor which can maintain normal DNA methylation patterns.
Related Catalog
In Vitro It is found that proliferation of HeLa cells is inhibited significantly upon exposure to increasing Betaine hydrochloride levels with the MTT test (p<0.05). The percentage of S phase cells in the low dose groups (<5 mg/mL) are distinctly higher than in high dose groups, and the rates of Sub-G1 phase are the opposite (p<0.05). A high concentration of Betaine hydrochloride (>5.0 mg/mL) significantly promotes the apoptosis of HeLa cells (p<0.01). SOD activities of the low dose groups are slightly higher than the control group (p<0.05), and there are obvious synchronicity and correlation among the expression of promoting apoptosis genes Bax, P53, Caspase 3 and apoptosis suppression gene Bcl-2. In response to an apoptosis-inducing stimulus, p53 and cyclin D1 can be activated with blockage of the cell cycle at G1/S or S/G2 checkpoints[1].
In Vivo Liver-to-body weight ratio is attenuated by Betaine hydrochloride supplementation. When Betaine hydrochloride is added to the alcohol-containing liquid diet, both hepatic triglyceride (TG) accumulation and liver injury are significantly reduced. Betaine hydrochloride supplementation attenuates epididymal fat pad mass loss induced by chronic alcohol feeding. Betaine hydrochloride supplementation prevents the depletion of S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAM) and reduces the increase in S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), thereby improving the methylation state of the adipose tissue[2].
Cell Assay Cytotoxic effects of Betaine hydrochloride are evaluated by MTT assays. Briefly, 5×103 HeLa or MCF-10A cells/well are seeded in a 96-well plate and cultured overnight. Then, different concentrations of Betaine hydrochloride (from 0 to 100 mg/mL) are added to each well, and the MTT assay is performed at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after incubation. Cu/Zn-SOD activities are detected using the superoxide dismutase Assay Kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions[1].
Animal Admin Male C57BL/6 mice weighing 25±0.5 g are used in this study. Animals are randomly assigned to four groups (n=6 to 8 per group) and pair-fed a modified Lieber-DeCarli alcohol (AF) or isocaloric maltose dextrin control liquid diet (PF) for 5 weeks with a stepwise feeding procedure. The ethanol content starts at 30% of total calories and gradually increases up to 36% in the last week. Betaine hydrochloride is administered as a supplement in the liquid diets (both PF and AF) at a concentration of 0.5% (w/v), simultaneously with the alcohol. All animals have access to diet and water ad libitum. At the end of the experiment, the mice are killed after being deprived of food for 4 h, and the plasma, liver and epididymal fat pad samples are harvested for assays[2].
References

[1]. Guo Y, et al. Betaine Effects on Morphology, Proliferation, and p53-induced Apoptosis of HeLa Cervical Carcinoma Cells in Vitro. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2015;16(8):3195-201.

[2]. Dou X, et al. Rectification of impaired adipose tissue methylation status and lipolytic response contributes to hepatoprotective effect of betaine in a mouse model of alcoholic liver disease. Br J Pharmacol. 2014 Sep;171(17):4073-86.

 Chemical & Physical Properties

Density 1 g/cm3
Melting Point 241-242 °C(lit.)
Molecular Formula C5H12ClNO2
Molecular Weight 153.607
Exact Mass 153.055649
PSA 37.30000
Water Solubility 64.7 g/100 mL (25 ºC)

 Toxicological Information

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :
BP3136000
CHEMICAL NAME :
Ammonium, (carboxymethyl)trimethyl-, chloride
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
590-46-5
LAST UPDATED :
199709
DATA ITEMS CITED :
4
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
C5-H12-N-O2.Cl

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
8 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - fluid intake Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cyanosis
REFERENCE :
ABMGAJ Acta Biologica et Medica Germanica. (Berlin, Ger. Dem. Rep.) V.1-41, 1958-82. For publisher information, see BBIADT. Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,28,1959 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 80382 No. of Facilities: 112 (estimated) No. of Industries: 3 No. of Occupations: 10 No. of Employees: 3807 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 80382 No. of Facilities: 204 (estimated) No. of Industries: 11 No. of Occupations: 23 No. of Employees: 4634 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 2460 (estimated)

 Safety Information

Symbol GHS07
GHS07
Signal Word Warning
Hazard Statements H319
Precautionary Statements P305 + P351 + P338
Personal Protective Equipment dust mask type N95 (US);Eyeshields;Gloves
Hazard Codes Xi, Xn
Risk Phrases R36
Safety Phrases S26-S39-S24/25
RIDADR NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany 3
RTECS BP3136000
HS Code 2923900090

 Customs

HS Code 2923900090
Summary 2923900090 other quaternary ammonium salts and hydroxides。Supervision conditions:None。VAT:17.0%。Tax rebate rate:9.0%。MFN tariff:6.5%。General tariff:30.0%

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 Synonyms

(Trimethylammonio)acetate hydrochloride
EINECS 209-683-1
Acinorm
lycine hydrochloride
ACIDOL
Betaine Hydrochloride
Achylin
Betaine, hydrochloride
Pluchine
BET HCL
1-carboxy-n,n,n-trimethylmethanaminium chloride
Acidin
Methanaminium, 1-carboxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride (1:1)
Euacid
MFCD00011903
Achyin
Carboxy-N,N,N-trimethylmethanaminium chloride
betainium chloride
Acidine
Muriat
carboxymethyl-trimethyl-ammonium chloride
(Trimethylammonio)acetathydrochlorid
betaine chloride
betain hydrochloride
Betaine (hydrochloride)
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