Enalapril maleate

Modify Date: 2024-01-02 09:37:33

Enalapril maleate Structure
Enalapril maleate structure
Common Name Enalapril maleate
CAS Number 76095-16-4 Molecular Weight 492.519
Density N/A Boiling Point 0ºC
Molecular Formula C24H32N2O9 Melting Point 143-144.5ºC
MSDS Chinese USA Flash Point 0°C
Symbol GHS08
GHS08
Signal Word Warning

 Use of Enalapril maleate


Enalapril Maleate, the active metabolite of enalapril, is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor.Target: ACEEnalapril is a prodrug that belongs to the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor class of medications. It is rapidly metabolized in the liver to enalaprilat following oral administration. Enalaprilat is a potent, competitive inhibitor of ACE, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of angiotensin I (ATI) to angiotensin II (ATII). ATII regulates blood pressure and is a key component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Enalapril may be used to treat essential or renovascular hypertension and symptomatic congestive heart failure [1].

 Names

Name enalapril maleate
Synonym More Synonyms

 Enalapril maleate Biological Activity

Description Enalapril Maleate, the active metabolite of enalapril, is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor.Target: ACEEnalapril is a prodrug that belongs to the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor class of medications. It is rapidly metabolized in the liver to enalaprilat following oral administration. Enalaprilat is a potent, competitive inhibitor of ACE, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of angiotensin I (ATI) to angiotensin II (ATII). ATII regulates blood pressure and is a key component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Enalapril may be used to treat essential or renovascular hypertension and symptomatic congestive heart failure [1].
Related Catalog
References

[1]. Liu, Y.H., et al., Comparison of captopril and enalapril to study the role of the sulfhydryl-group in improvement of endothelial dysfunction with ACE inhibitors in high dieted methionine mice. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol, 2006. 47(1): p. 82-8.

 Chemical & Physical Properties

Boiling Point 0ºC
Melting Point 143-144.5ºC
Molecular Formula C24H32N2O9
Molecular Weight 492.519
Flash Point 0°C
Exact Mass 492.210785
PSA 170.54000
LogP 1.64520
Storage condition -20°C Freezer
Water Solubility methanol: ≥50 mg/mL, clear, colorless to yellow

 Toxicological Information

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :
TW3666000
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
76095-16-4
LAST UPDATED :
199709
DATA ITEMS CITED :
28
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
C20-H28-N2-O5.C4-H4-O4
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
492.58

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION :
4 mg/kg/10D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Liver - liver function tests impaired
REFERENCE :
APHRER Annals of Pharmacotherpy. (Harvey Whitney Books Co., POB 42696, Cincinnati, OH 45242) V. 26- 1992- Volume(issue)/page/year: 27,1405,1993
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION :
400 ug/kg/2D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, other (after systemic exposure)
REFERENCE :
BMJOAE British Medical Journal. (British Medical Assoc., BMA House, Tavistock Sq., London WC1H 9JR, UK) V.1- 1857- Volume(issue)/page/year: 294,91,1987
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
357 ug/kg/3D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - acute pulmonary edema
REFERENCE :
AJEMEN American Journal of Emergency Medicine. (WB Saunders, Philadelphia, PA) V.1- 1983- Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,124,1990
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION :
39500 ug/kg/56W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - acute pulmonary edema Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cyanosis
REFERENCE :
JFAPDE Journal of Family Practice. (Appleton and Lange, East Norwalk, CT) V.1- 1974- Volume(issue)/page/year: 34,201,1992
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
143 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, other (after systemic exposure)
REFERENCE :
BMJOAE British Medical Journal. (British Medical Assoc., BMA House, Tavistock Sq., London WC1H 9JR, UK) V.1- 1857- Volume(issue)/page/year: 294,91,1987
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION :
2800 ug/kg/4W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - renal function tests depressed Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes in urine composition
REFERENCE :
BMJOAE British Medical Journal. (British Medical Assoc., BMA House, Tavistock Sq., London WC1H 9JR, UK) V.1- 1857- Volume(issue)/page/year: 291,450,1985
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
71 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Vascular - BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section
REFERENCE :
BMJOAE British Medical Journal. (British Medical Assoc., BMA House, Tavistock Sq., London WC1H 9JR, UK) V.1- 1857- Volume(issue)/page/year: 291,1309,1985
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION :
5600 ug/kg/4W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise specified
REFERENCE :
LANCAO Lancet. (7 Adam St., London WC2N 6AD, UK) V.1- 1823- Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,1395,1986
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
2973 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - ataxia Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression
REFERENCE :
YACHDS Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (Raifu Saiensu Shuppan K.K., 2-5-13, Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,413,1985
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
1418 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - ataxia Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression
REFERENCE :
YACHDS Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (Raifu Saiensu Shuppan K.K., 2-5-13, Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,413,1985
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
849 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - ataxia Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression
REFERENCE :
YACHDS Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (Raifu Saiensu Shuppan K.K., 2-5-13, Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,413,1985
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
3507 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - ataxia Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression
REFERENCE :
YACHDS Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (Raifu Saiensu Shuppan K.K., 2-5-13, Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,413,1985
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
1160 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - ataxia Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression
REFERENCE :
YACHDS Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (Raifu Saiensu Shuppan K.K., 2-5-13, Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,413,1985
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
859 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - ataxia Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression
REFERENCE :
YACHDS Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (Raifu Saiensu Shuppan K.K., 2-5-13, Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,413,1985 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
900 mg/kg/30D-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - changes in potassium
REFERENCE :
YACHDS Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (Raifu Saiensu Shuppan K.K., 2-5-13, Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,425,1985
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
8190 mg/kg/13W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes in urine composition Blood - leukopenia Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
REFERENCE :
YACHDS Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (Raifu Saiensu Shuppan K.K., 2-5-13, Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,425,1985
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
600 mg/kg/4W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - normocytic anemia Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Related to Chronic Data - death
REFERENCE :
YACHDS Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (Raifu Saiensu Shuppan K.K., 2-5-13, Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,467,1985
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
8190 mg/kg/13W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - transaminases Related to Chronic Data - death
REFERENCE :
YACHDS Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (Raifu Saiensu Shuppan K.K., 2-5-13, Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,467,1985 ** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
6800 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 32-34 week(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - urogenital system
REFERENCE :
AIMEAS Annals of Internal Medicine. (American College of Physicians, 4200 Pine St., Philadelphia, PA 19104) V.1- 1927- Volume(issue)/page/year: 108,215,1988
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
95200 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 1-34 week(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
AJOGAH American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. (C.V. Mosby Co., 11830 Westline Industrial Dr., St. Louis, MO 63146) V.1- 1920- Volume(issue)/page/year: 162,187,1990
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
95200 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 1-34 week(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Maternal Effects - other effects Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - urogenital system Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - Apgar score (human only)
REFERENCE :
AJOGAH American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. (C.V. Mosby Co., 11830 Westline Industrial Dr., St. Louis, MO 63146) V.1- 1920- Volume(issue)/page/year: 162,187,1990
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
100 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 6-15 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive - Fertility - litter size (e.g. # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)
REFERENCE :
RCOCB8 Research Communications in Chemical Pathology and Pharmacology. (PJD Pub. Ltd., P.O. Box 966, Westbury, NY 11590) V.1- 1970- Volume(issue)/page/year: 77,347,1992
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
144 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 6-17 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
YACHDS Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (Raifu Saiensu Shuppan K.K., 2-5-13, Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,519,1985
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
100 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 6-15 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - urogenital system
REFERENCE :
RCOCB8 Research Communications in Chemical Pathology and Pharmacology. (PJD Pub. Ltd., P.O. Box 966, Westbury, NY 11590) V.1- 1970- Volume(issue)/page/year: 77,347,1992
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
2520 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 15-22 day(s) after conception lactating female 20 day(s) post-birth
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - weaning or lactation index (e.g., # alive at weaning per # alive at day 4)
REFERENCE :
YACHDS Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (Raifu Saiensu Shuppan K.K., 2-5-13, Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 14,43,1986
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
280 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 15-22 day(s) after conception lactating female 20 day(s) post-birth
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - delayed effects
REFERENCE :
YACHDS Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (Raifu Saiensu Shuppan K.K., 2-5-13, Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 14,43,1986
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
39 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 6-18 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)
REFERENCE :
FAATDF Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year: 14,461,1990
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
70 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 14-20 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)
REFERENCE :
FAATDF Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year: 14,461,1990

 Safety Information

Symbol GHS08
GHS08
Signal Word Warning
Hazard Statements H361
Precautionary Statements P281
Personal Protective Equipment Eyeshields;Gloves;type N95 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter
Hazard Codes Xi
Risk Phrases R36/37/38
Safety Phrases 22-24/25-36/37-26
RIDADR NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany 2
RTECS TW3666000
HS Code 2933990090

 Synthetic Route

 Customs

HS Code 2933990090
Summary 2933990090. heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen hetero-atom(s) only. VAT:17.0%. Tax rebate rate:13.0%. . MFN tariff:6.5%. General tariff:20.0%

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 Synonyms

MK 421 {Maleate}
L-Proline, N-[(1S)-1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-3-phenylpropyl]-L-alanyl-, (2Z)-2-butenedioate (1:1)
Renivace (TN)
N-[(1S)-1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-3-phenylpropyl]-L-alanyl-L-proline (2Z)-but-2-enedioate
Enalapril maleate
MFCD00133304
EINECS 278-375-7
N-(2S)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl-L-alanyl-L-proline (2Z)-but-2-enedioate
L-proline, N-(1S)-1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-3-phenylpropyl-L-alanyl-, (2Z)-2-butenedioate (1:1)
Enalapril maleate salt
MK 421 maleate
Renivace
VASOTEC
(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-{[(1S)-1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-3-phenylpropyl]amino}propanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (2Z)-but-2-enedioate
(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-{[(1S)-1-(Ethoxycarbonyl)-3-phenylpropyl]amino}propanoyl]pyrrolidin-2-carbonsäure--(2Z)-but-2-endisäure(1:1)
N-[(2S)-1-Ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenyl-2-butanyl]-L-alanyl-L-proline (2Z)-2-butenedioate (1:1)
N-[(2S)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl]-L-alanyl-L-proline (2Z)-but-2-enedioate (1:1)
acide (2S)-1-[(2S)-2-{[(1S)-1-(éthoxycarbonyl)-3-phénylpropyl]amino}propanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylique - acide (2Z)-but-2-ènedioïque (1:1)
Enalapril
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