Heparin

Modify Date: 2024-01-02 21:05:55

Heparin Structure
Heparin structure
Common Name Heparin
CAS Number 9005-49-6 Molecular Weight 1134.93000
Density 2.18 g/cm3 Boiling Point 644.9ºC at 760mmHg
Molecular Formula C26H42N2O37S5 Melting Point N/A
MSDS N/A Flash Point 343.8ºC

 Use of Heparin


Heparin is a highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan,that is widely used as an injectable anticoagulant, and has the highest negative charge density of any known biological molecule.

 Names

Name Heparin
Synonym More Synonyms

 Heparin Biological Activity

Description Heparin is a highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan,that is widely used as an injectable anticoagulant, and has the highest negative charge density of any known biological molecule.
Related Catalog
Target

Human Endogenous Metabolite

In Vitro Heparin is a potent anticoagulant drug based on its ability to accelerate the rate at which antithrombin inhibits serine proteases in the blood coagulation cascade. Heparin and the structurally related heparan sulfate are complex linear polymers comprised of a mixture of chains of different length, having variable sequences. Heparin interactes most tightly with peptides containing a complementary binding site of high positive charge density. Heparin and heparan sulfate predominantly exhibit linear helical secondary structures with sulfo and carboxyl groups displayed at defined intervals and in defined orientations along the polysaccharide backbone. Heparin resembles DNA as both are highly charged linear polymers that behave as polyelectrolytes. Heparin is believed to function as an anticoagulant primarily through its interaction with AT III by enhancing AT-III-mediated inhibition of blood coagulation factors, including thrombin and factor Xa. Heparin binds to AT III and thrombin in a ternary complex, increasing the bimolecular rate constant for the inhibition of thrombin by a factor of 2000. Heparin is principally located in the granules of tissue mast cells that are closely associated with the immune response. Heparin makes numerous contacts with both FGF-2 and FGFR-1 stabilizing FGF–FGFR binding. Heparin also makes contacts with the FGFR-1 of the adjacent FGF–FGFR complex, thus seeming to promote FGFR dimerization[1].
References

[1]. Capila I, et al. Heparin-protein interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2002 Feb 1;41(3):391-412.

 Chemical & Physical Properties

Density 2.18 g/cm3
Boiling Point 644.9ºC at 760mmHg
Molecular Formula C26H42N2O37S5
Molecular Weight 1134.93000
Flash Point 343.8ºC
Exact Mass 1134.01000
PSA 652.39000
Index of Refraction 1.711
Water Solubility H2O: 50 mg/mL, clear, faintly yellow

 Toxicological Information

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :
MI0700000
CHEMICAL NAME :
Heparin
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
9005-49-6
LAST UPDATED :
199706

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
1857 units/kg/13D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Cardiac - other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - changes in potassium
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION :
1000 units/kg/5D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - changes in potassium
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
3536 units/kg/13D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - changes in potassium
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
1950 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
420 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
1900 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - muscle weakness
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
500 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - muscle weakness
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
500 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
DOSE :
2857 units/kg
SEX/DURATION :
male 5 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Paternal Effects - other effects on male

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
Unscheduled DNA synthesis
TEST SYSTEM :
Rodent - guinea pig Bone marrow
DOSE/DURATION :
5 mg/L
REFERENCE :
FOBLAN Folia Biologica (Prague). (Academic Press Inc. Ltd., 24-28 Oval Rd., London NW1 7DX, UK) V.1- 1955- Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,196,1970 *** REVIEWS *** TOXICOLOGY REVIEW AEMBAP Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 233 Spring St., New York, NY 10013) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 52,375,1975 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW JPMSAE Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. (American Pharmaceutical Assoc., 2215 Constitution Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20037) V.50- 1961- Volume(issue)/page/year: 62,517,1973 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 84488 No. of Facilities: 374 (estimated) No. of Industries: 3 No. of Occupations: 8 No. of Employees: 4525 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 84488 No. of Facilities: 430 (estimated) No. of Industries: 4 No. of Occupations: 14 No. of Employees: 27273 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 23149 (estimated)

 Safety Information

Safety Phrases 24/25
WGK Germany 2
RTECS MI0850000
HS Code 3001901000

 Customs

HS Code 3001901000

 Synonyms

clarin
thrombophob
HED heparin
liquaemin
Enoxaparine
pularin
Depo heparin
MFCD00081689
EINECS 232-681-7
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