维生素k

Vitamin K是一组脂溶性维生素,对身体内许多蛋白质有重要功能,如凝血因子,骨钙素和基质-Gla蛋白。

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研究领域 >> 心血管疾病

叶绿醌(维生素K1)和甲基萘醌(维生素K2)是维生素K的两种天然形式。叶绿素是维生素K的主要膳食来源,在绿叶蔬菜中含量最高[1]。维生素K2(甲基萘醌)在鸡肉,黄油,蛋黄,奶酪和发酵大豆中少量存在。所有维生素K依赖性蛋白的γ-谷氨酰羧化都需要维生素K1和维生素K2 [2]。维生素K在神经系统中具有重要作用。维生素K有助于蛋白质Gas6和蛋白质S的生物活化,TAM家族的受体酪氨酸激酶(Tyro3,Axl和Mer)的配体。在大脑中,维生素K也参与鞘脂的合成,鞘脂是一类重要的脂质,存在于脑细胞膜中[3]。

维生素K因其在凝血功能中的作用而闻名。一些人体研究报告了维生素K补充剂在改善胰岛素敏感性和葡萄糖耐量,预防胰岛素抵抗和降低2型糖尿病风险方面的有益作用[1]。女性维生素K的摄入量为90μg/天,男性为120μg/天[2]。维生素K缺乏导致羧化的骨钙素(一种具有低生物活性的蛋白质)的增加。一些研究表明,低摄入维生素K摄入量与低骨密度或骨折增加有关。此外,维生素K补充剂已被证明可以减少脱羧基骨钙素并改善骨转换特征[4]。

[1]. Manna P, et al. Beneficial role of vitamin K supplementation on insulin sensitivity, glucose metabolism, and the reduced risk of type 2 diabetes: A review. Nutrition. 2016 Jul-Aug;32(7-8):732-9.

[2]. DiNicolantonio JJ, et al. The health benefits of vitamin K. Open Heart. 2015 Oct 6;2(1):e000300.

[3]. Ferland G, et al. Vitamin K, an emerging nutrient in brain function. Biofactors. 2012 Mar-Apr;38(2):151-7.

[4]. Bügel S, et al. Vitamin K and bone health. Proc Nutr Soc. 2003 Nov;62(4):839-43.

磺丁基-β-环糊精钠盐 | 环孢霉素A | 2-(3,6-二乙酰氧基-2,7-二氯-9H-氧杂蒽-9-基)苯甲酸 | 1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶盐酸盐 | GW4869 | 乙莫克舍 | (2R,2'R,3R,3'R,4S,4'S,5R,5'R,6S,6'S)-6,6'-硫代双(4-(4-(3-氟苯基)-1H-1,-1H-1,2,3-三唑-1-基)-2-(羟甲基)四氢-2H-吡喃-3,5-二醇) | Mitoquinone甲磺酸盐 | GSK2795039 | CBIC2 | BAPTA-AM | AP20187 | GKT137831 | D-(-)-荧光素 | 单响尾蛇毒蛋白

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

700 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag, Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951- Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,25,1958 ** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intramuscular

DOSE :

13500 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 6-11 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue)

REFERENCE :

CAJPBD Proceedings of the Congenital Anomalies Research Association of Japan. (Kyoto, Japan) No.1- 1961- Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,46,1968 *** REVIEWS *** TOXICOLOGY REVIEW NYSJAM New York State Journal of Medicine. (Medical Soc. of the State of New York, POB 5405, Lake Success, NY 11042) V.1- 1901- Volume(issue)/page/year: 64,493,1964 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 80150 No. of Facilities: 168 (estimated) No. of Industries: 2 No. of Occupations: 12 No. of Employees: 2650 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 80150 No. of Facilities: 488 (estimated) No. of Industries: 3 No. of Occupations: 14 No. of Employees: 5168 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 1116 (estimated)