氢氧化钾

氢氧化钾用途

【用途一】
化工基本原料，用于医药、日用化工等。
【用途二】
用作干燥剂、吸收剂，用于制钾肥皂、草酸及各种钾盐，还用于电镀、雕刻、石印术等
【用途三】
用作分析试剂、皂化试剂、二氧化碳和水分的吸收剂，也用于制药工业
【用途四】
主要用作钾盐生产的原料，如高锰酸钾、碳酸钾等。在医药工业中，用于生产钾硼氢、安体舒通、沙肝醇、黄体酮和丙酸睾丸素等。在轻工业中用于生产钾肥皂、碱性蓄电池、化妆品(如冷霜、雪花膏和洗发膏)。在染料工业中，用于生产还原染料，如还原蓝RSN等。在电化学工业中，用于电镀、雕刻等。在纺织工业中，用于印染、漂白和丝光，并大量用作制造人造纤维、聚酯纤维的主要原料。此外，还用于冶金加热剂和皮革脱脂等方面。
【用途五】
酸碱中和调节溶液pH值。基本化学试剂，二氧化碳吸收剂。皂化剂。

氢氧化钾名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
1310-58-3

[ 中文名 ]:
氢氧化钾

[ 英文名 ]:
Potassium hydroxide

[中文别名 ]:

苛性钾

[英文别名 ]:

kizutasaponin K10
Potassium h
Potassium hydroxide
EINECS 215-181-3
lpotassum hydroxide
potassium hydroxyde
potassium hyroxide
potassium hydroxid
Caustic potash
MFCD00003553

氢氧化钾物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
1.450 g/mL at 20 °C

[ 沸点 ]:
1320°C

[ 熔点 ]:
361 °C(lit.)

[ 分子式 ]:
HKO

[ 分子量 ]:
56.106

[ 闪点 ]:
52 °F

[ 精确质量 ]:
55.966446

[ PSA ]:
23.06000

[ 外观性状 ]:
白色片状

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
1 mm Hg ( 719 °C)

[ 折射率 ]:
n20/D 1.421

[ 储存条件 ]:
库房通风低温干燥,与易燃物、可燃物、酸类分开存放

[ 水溶解性 ]:
soluble

氢氧化钾MSDS

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

氢氧化钾毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: TT2100000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Potassium hydroxide

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 1310-58-3

LAST UPDATED :: 199712

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 29

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: H-K-O

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 56.11

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: KA Q

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: Rinsed with water

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 273 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Cytogenetic analysis

TEST SYSTEM :: Rodent - hamster Ovary

REFERENCE :: MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 225,55,1989 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-CL 2 mg/m3 DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW ARTODN Archives of Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3, D-1000 Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.32- 1974- Volume(issue)/page/year: 39,299,1978 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** EPA FIFRA 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,7740,1989 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 2 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:STEL 2 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 2 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 2 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:STEL 2 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-JAPAN:STEL 2 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 2 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 2 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 2 mg/m3;STEL 2 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE-air:CL 2 mg/m3 REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 60440 No. of Facilities: 80620 (estimated) No. of Industries: 340 No. of Occupations: 181 No. of Employees: 1081553 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X3783 No. of Facilities: 543 (estimated) No. of Industries: 11 No. of Occupations: 16 No. of Employees: 6722 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 2651 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 60440 No. of Facilities: 74278 (estimated) No. of Industries: 346 No. of Occupations: 221 No. of Employees: 1959889 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 797390 (estimated)

氢氧化钾安全信息

[ 符号 ]:

GHS05, GHS07

[ 信号词 ]:
Danger

[ 危害声明 ]:
H290-H302-H314

[ 警示性声明 ]:
P280-P301 + P312 + P330-P303 + P361 + P353-P304 + P340 + P310-P305 + P351 + P338

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Faceshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;Goggles;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US);type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
C: Corrosive;F: Flammable;T: Toxic;Xi: Irritant;

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R22;R35

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S7-S16-S36/37-S45-S36/37/39-S26

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 2924 3/PG 2

[ WGK德国 ]:
1

[ RTECS号 ]:
TT2100000

[ 包装等级 ]:
II

[ 危险类别 ]:
8

[ 海关编码 ]:
2815200000

氢氧化钾上下游产品

氢氧化钾上游产品

氢氧化钾下游产品

氢氧化钾制备

1.隔膜电解法原料氯化钾在化盐槽溶化成饱和溶液，加热至90 ℃时分别加入碳酸钾、苛性钾、氯化钡除去钙、镁和硫酸根等杂质，经沉降除渣、盐酸中和、精制的含氯化钾280～315 ｇ／L的氯化钾溶液经预热到70～75 ℃后进行电解，得氢氧化钾、氯气和氢气。隔膜法所得氢氧化钾浓度为10%～11％，需通过蒸发浓缩和冷却澄清，制得含45%～50％氢氧化钾溶液；也可继续在熬碱锅中浓缩，经脱色，制得固体氢氧化钾，或经制片成片状氢氧化钾产品。

2.水银电解法电解液的配制同隔膜电解法。电解室中以石墨(或金属)作阳极，水银作阴极，电解产生的氯气送氯气干燥工序，生成的钾汞齐流入解汞室。大部分未反应的氯化钾以淡盐水状态经处理后，返回原料溶解工序。钾汞齐与清水反应生成氢氧化钾和氢气。因解汞室出来的氢氧化钾浓度为45%～50％，可作为液体氢氧化钾产品，也可再经熬碱锅蒸浓成固碱或制成片状氢氧化钾产品。

3.工业上制取氢氧化钾是电解氯化钾的水溶液。因为氢氧化钾比氢氧化钠难脱水，市售品的纯度一般只能达到85%～86%。如需提纯可按照提纯氢氧化钠的相同的方法进行提纯。

4.氯化钾经精制后，预热，不断注入电解槽中，电解生成液经浓缩、脱色而得。

5.采用离子交换膜法，以工业品氢氧化钾作为阳极室物质，纯水作为阴极室物质，在直流场作用下，K+离子透过具有选择性的阳膜进入阴极室与OH-离子生成试剂氢氧化钾，经浓缩、干燥得固体氢氧化钾。气体产物 O2 、H2 分别由导管排出。

氢氧化钾海关

[ 海关编码 ]: 2815200000

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