叶酸

叶酸用途

Folic acid(Vitamin M; Vitamin B9)是维生素B9。

叶酸作用

叶酸是人体在利用糖分和氨基酸时的必要物质，是机体细胞生长和繁殖所必需的物质。
叶酸在体内叶酸以四氢叶酸的形式起作用，四氢叶酸在体内参与嘌呤核酸和嘧啶核苷酸的合成和转化。叶酸在制造核酸（核糖核酸、脱氧核糖核酸）上扮演重要的角色。叶酸帮助蛋白质的代谢，并与维生素B12共同促进红细胞的生成和成熟，是制造红血球不可缺少的物质。叶酸也作为干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus casei）及其它微生物的促进增殖因子而起作用。
叶酸对细胞的分裂生长及核酸、氨基酸、蛋白质的合成起着重要的作用。人体缺少叶酸可导致红血球的异常，未成熟细胞的增加，贫血以及白血球减少。叶酸是胎儿生长发育不可缺少的营养素。孕妇缺乏叶酸有可能导致胎儿出生时出现低体重、唇腭裂、心脏缺陷等。如果在怀孕头3个月内缺乏叶酸，可引起胎儿神经管发育缺陷，而导致畸形。因此，准备怀孕的女性，可在怀孕前就开始每天服用100微克到300微克叶酸。

叶酸名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
59-30-3

[ 中文名 ]:
叶酸

[ 英文名 ]:
Folic Acid

[中文别名 ]:

[英文别名 ]:

VM/PGA
Folbal
folic
FOLSAN
Folic acid
Folate
EINECS 200-419-0
Folan
pteroic acid-glutamate
Pteroyglutamic acid

叶酸生物活性

[ 描述 ]:

Folic acid(Vitamin M; Vitamin B9)是维生素B9。

[ 相关类别 ]:

信号通路 >> 细胞周期/DNA损伤 >> DNA/RNA合成

天然产物 >> 其他

研究领域 >> 其他

[相关活性小分子]

叶酸物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
1.6±0.1 g/cm3

[ 熔点 ]:
250 °C

[ 分子式 ]:
C₁₉H₁₉N₇O₆

[ 分子量 ]:
441.397

[ 精确质量 ]:
441.139679

[ PSA ]:
213.28000

[ LogP ]:
-2.48

[ 外观性状 ]:
黄色至橙色黄色晶体或结晶粉末

[ 折射率 ]:
1.755

[ 储存条件 ]:
2~8°C

[ 水溶解性 ]:
1.6 mg/L (25 ºC)

叶酸MSDS

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

叶酸毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: LP5425000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Folic acid

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 59-30-3

LAST UPDATED :: 199806

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 15

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C19-H19-N7-O6

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 441.45

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: T66 BN DN GN JNJ CZ EQ H1MR DVMYVQ2VQ

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 10 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 85 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - muscle weakness Behavioral - coma

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 200 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes Blood - changes in spleen

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 282 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 410 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 120 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Parenteral

DOSE :: 150 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 10 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - cytological changes (including somatic cell genetic material)

TYPE OF TEST :: Unscheduled DNA synthesis

TYPE OF TEST :: Unscheduled DNA synthesis

MUTATION DATA

TEST SYSTEM :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 250 mg/kg

REFERENCE :: CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,136,1969 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - M1051 No. of Facilities: 220 (estimated) No. of Industries: 4 No. of Occupations: 14 No. of Employees: 11106 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - M1051 No. of Facilities: 2823 (estimated) No. of Industries: 11 No. of Occupations: 40 No. of Employees: 60281 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 29903 (estimated)

叶酸安全信息

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Eyeshields;Gloves;type N95 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
Xn

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R33;R62;R68

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S24/25

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
NONH for all modes of transport

[ WGK德国 ]:
1

[ RTECS号 ]:
LP5425000

[ 海关编码 ]:
2936290090

叶酸上下游产品

叶酸上游产品

叶酸下游产品

叶酸制备

1.叶酸起初系从肝脏浸出液中提取，现在采用合成法生产。合成法可先合成蝶啶核，然后与对氨基苯甲酰谷氨酸缩合得到叶酸，也可由2，4，5-三氨基-6-羟基嘧，α，β-二溴丙醛及对氨基苯甲酰谷氨酸在乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液中反应得到粗叶酸，经精制得到含有两分子结晶水的叶酸。与后一合成法相似，对氨基苯甲酰谷氨酸，三氯丙酮及2，4，5-三氨基-6-羟基嘧啶硫酸盐（[1603-20-7]），在乙酸钠和焦亚硫酸钠存在，保持pH3.4-3.6，温度36-40℃的条件下，环合反应6h，即得桔红色的叶酸沉淀。

2.由2,4,5-三氨基-6-羟基嘧啶、对氨基苯甲酰谷氨酸和三氯丙酮在乙酸钠和焦亚硫酸钠存在下，发生环合反应制得。

3.2，4，5-三氨基-6-羟基嘧啶与对氨苯酰谷氨酸的水溶液中，添加α,β-二溴丙醛的乙醇溶液，使其缩合，得粗制品，经精制处理即可。

叶酸海关

[ 海关编码 ]: 2936290090

叶酸文献

Small RNAs derived from tRNAs and rRNAs are highly enriched in exosomes from both old and new world Leishmania providing evidence for conserved exosomal RNA Packaging.

BMC Genomics 16 , 151, (2015)

Leishmania use exosomes to communicate with their mammalian hosts and these secreted vesicles appear to contribute to pathogenesis by delivering protein virulence factors to macrophages. In other euka...

Obesity is associated with increased red blood cell folate despite lower dietary intakes and serum concentrations.

J. Nutr. 145(1) , 79-86, (2015)

Folates are essential cofactors in metabolic pathways that facilitate biological methylation and nucleotide synthesis, and therefore have widespread effects on health and diseases. Although obesity is...

Graphene-oxide stabilization in electrolyte solutions using hydroxyethyl cellulose for drug delivery application.

Int. J. Pharm. 484(1-2) , 276-82, (2015)

Stabilization of graphene oxide (GO) in physiological solution is performed using hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) to make the resultant nanohybrid suitable for targeted drug delivery purposes. Short and ...

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叶酸