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乙酰胺

乙酰胺用途

Acetamide 主要用作溶剂和增塑剂。

乙酰胺名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
60-35-5

[ 中文名 ]:
乙酰胺

[ 英文名 ]:
Acetamide

[中文别名 ]:

[英文别名 ]:

methanimidic acid, methyl-
METHYLFORMAMIDE
Acetic-d3 acid-d
formamide, methyl-
Acetamide
acetic amide
EINECS 200-473-5
monomethylformamide
Methylcarbylamine
Tetradeuteroacetic acid

乙酰胺生物活性

[ 描述 ]:

Acetamide 主要用作溶剂和增塑剂。

[ 相关类别 ]:

研究领域 >> 其他

[ 靶点 ]

Human Endogenous Metabolite

乙酰胺物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
1.0±0.1 g/cm3

[ 沸点 ]:
78.4±23.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ 熔点 ]:
78-80 °C(lit.)

[ 分子式 ]:
C₂H₅NO

[ 分子量 ]:
59.067

[ 闪点 ]:
1.2±22.6 °C

[ 精确质量 ]:
59.037113

[ PSA ]:
43.09000

[ LogP ]:
-0.91

[ 外观性状 ]:
白色结晶固体

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
62.4±0.3 mmHg at 25°C

[ 折射率 ]:
1.418

[ 储存条件 ]:
库房通风低温干燥

[ 稳定性 ]:
Stable. Incompatible with strong acids, strong oxidizing agents, strong bases. Deliquescent. Triboluminescent.

[ 水溶解性 ]:
2000 g/L (20 ºC)

乙酰胺MSDS

乙酰胺毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: AB4025000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Acetamide

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 60-35-5

BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :: 1071207

LAST UPDATED :: 199710

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 38

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C2-H5-N-O

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 59.08

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: ZV1

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 7 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 10300 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - muscle weakness Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 10 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) Autonomic Nervous System - smooth muscle relaxant (mechanism undefined, spasmolytic) Cardiac - change in rate

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 12500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - spastic paralysis with or without sensory change Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 2300 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 12900 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - spastic paralysis with or without sensory change Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 1 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 8300 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) Autonomic Nervous System - smooth muscle relaxant (mechanism undefined, spasmolytic) Cardiac - change in rate

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 10 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - spastic paralysis with or without sensory change Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 7500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - spastic paralysis with or without sensory change Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Bird - chicken

DOSE/DURATION :: 33410 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 431 gm/kg/1Y-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 517 gm/kg/1Y-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Blood - tumors Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease

TYPE OF TEST :: TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 546 gm/kg/52W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 39 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 6-18 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 13 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 6-18 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

TYPE OF TEST :: Micronucleus test

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Morphological transformation

TEST SYSTEM :: Rodent - hamster Embryo

DOSE/DURATION :: 1 mg/L

REFERENCE :: IJCNAW International Journal of Cancer. (International Union Against Cancer, 3 rue du Conseil- General, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland) V.1- 1966- Volume(issue)/page/year: 19,642,1977 *** REVIEWS *** IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,389,1987 IARC Cancer Review:Human No Adequate Data IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,197,1974 IARC Cancer Review:Group 2B IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,56,1987 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-FINLAND;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY;Carcinogen JAN 1993 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 81686 No. of Facilities: 404 (estimated) No. of Industries: 17 No. of Occupations: 21 No. of Employees: 4668 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 81686 No. of Facilities: 132 (estimated) No. of Industries: 4 No. of Occupations: 4 No. of Employees: 2074 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 1148 (estimated)

乙酰胺安全信息

[ 符号 ]:

GHS08

[ 信号词 ]:
Warning

[ 危害声明 ]:
H351

[ 警示性声明 ]:
P281

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
dust mask type N95 (US);Eyeshields;Gloves

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
Xn:Harmful

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R40

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S36/37

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 3077 9/PG 3

[ WGK德国 ]:
1

[ RTECS号 ]:
AB4025000

[ 海关编码 ]:
2924199090

乙酰胺合成路线

乙酰胺上下游产品

乙酰胺上游产品

乙酰胺下游产品

乙酰胺制备

1.冰醋酸通氨生成乙酸铵，再经热解脱水而得乙酰胺，经结晶、分离得成品。原料消耗定额：乙酸（99%）1700kg/t，液氨（99%）750kg/t。实验室合成可按下面步骤操作。在5L烧瓶中放入3kg冰醋酸，加入相当于400g氨的碳酸铵。烧瓶上装高效分馏柱、冷凝器和接受器。将反应混合物加热至缓缓沸腾，调节加热使蒸馏速度不超过180mg/h，起到顶温达110℃为止。得1400-1500ml水和乙酸的混合物。换接收器，慢慢加大加热，以同样速度继续蒸馏，直至顶温升到140℃为止。得馏出物500-700ml，主要为乙酸，留作下次投料用。将剩余物移入带分馏柱和空气冷凝器的烧瓶中，常压蒸馏，分别收集210℃以前和210-216℃馏分。后者为乙酰胺，重1150-1200g，前者还可以蒸馏回收部分产品，两者共重1200-1250g，产率87%-90%　。乙酰胺常采用蒸馏与溶剂重结晶的方法进行精制。常用的溶剂有丙酮、苯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、氯仿、二恶烷或苯与乙酸乙酯混合液。例如，将1kg上述方法制备的乙酰胺，用1L苯和300ml乙酸乙酯的混合溶剂重结晶，可得无色针状纯品。工业生产获得的产品，纯度不低于98%，凝固点不低于76℃。

精制方法：乙酰胺通常采用蒸馏与溶剂重结晶的方法进行精制。常用的溶剂有丙酮、苯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、氯仿、二烷或苯与乙酸乙酯混合液(3：1和1：1)等。此外，也可用减压升华的方法精制。

生成的醋酸铵加热蒸馏（190℃以上蒸馏并同时收集产品）。
3.在1500L反应夹套罐内，
放入醋酸乙酯300kg，氨水500kg，在25～27℃下搅拌2～3h，放置20h，取反应液，如分层，可再继续反应至不分层止。

反应结束后常压蒸发至原体积1／2，过滤，清亮滤液再减压浓缩至微混，冷却结晶，离心甩干，若犆犎 CH₃COO^-含量不合格，可用乙醇浸泡0.5h后离心，干燥，即为成品。

乙酰胺海关

[ 海关编码 ]: 2924199017

[ 中文概述 ]:
HS:2924199017 解草烯增值税率:17.0% 退税率:9.0% 监管条件:无最低关税:6.5% 普通关税:30.0%

[ Summary ]:
HS:2924199017 acetamide VAT:17.0% Tax rebate rate:9.0% Supervision conditions:none MFN tariff:6.5% General tariff:30.0%

乙酰胺文献

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The Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex is the main cause of superficial mycoses in humans and animals. Molecular research has provided useful insights into the taxonomy of this complex to overcome th...

Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.

Chem. Res. Toxicol. 23 , 171-83, (2010)

Drug-induced liver injury is one of the main causes of drug attrition. The ability to predict the liver effects of drug candidates from their chemical structures is critical to help guide experimental...

Chemical genetics reveals a complex functional ground state of neural stem cells.

Nat. Chem. Biol. 3(5) , 268-273, (2007)

The identification of self-renewing and multipotent neural stem cells (NSCs) in the mammalian brain holds promise for the treatment of neurological diseases and has yielded new insight into brain canc...

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乙酰胺