阿维菌素

阿维菌素用途

Avermectin B1 (Abamectin)是驱虫杀虫剂。

阿维菌素作用

阿维菌素对螨类和昆虫具有胃毒和触杀作用，不能杀卵。作用机制与一般杀虫剂不同的是干扰神经生理活动，刺激释放γ-氨基丁酸，而氨基丁酸对节肢动物的神经传导有抑制作用。螨类成虫、若虫和昆虫幼虫与阿维菌素接触后即出现麻痹症状，不活动、不取食，2～4天后死亡。因不引起昆虫迅速脱水，所以阿维菌素致死作用较缓慢。阿维菌素对捕食性昆虫和寄生天敌虽有直接触杀作用，但因植物表面残留少，因此对益虫的损伤很小。阿维菌素在土内被土壤吸附不会移动，并且被微生物分解，因而在环境中无累积作用，可以作为综合防治的一个组成部分。调制容易，将制剂倒人水中稍加搅拌即可使用，对作物亦较安全，按介绍的方法使用不会发生药害。适用作物蔬菜、柑橘、棉花等。

阿维菌素名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
71751-41-2

[ 中文名 ]:
阿维菌素

[ 英文名 ]:
Avermectin

[中文别名 ]:

[英文别名 ]:

MFCD01769550
EINECS 200-096-6
avomec
mk936
zephyr
affirm
SADDLE
Zephy
AVM
avidec

阿维菌素生物活性

[ 描述 ]:

Avermectin B1 (Abamectin)是驱虫杀虫剂。

[ 相关类别 ]:

信号通路 >> 自噬 >> 自噬

信号通路 >> 抗感染 >> 寄生物

研究领域 >> 感染

[参考文献]

[1]. Mogg TD, Pollitt CC, Willmore JP, Thompson H.Efficacy of avermectin B1 given orally against equine intestinal strongyles and Onchocera microfilaria.Aust Vet J. 1990 Nov;67(11):399-401.

[2]. De Chaneet GC, Casey R, Dixon FF, Besier RB, Mitchell RK.Effect of avermectin B1 and benzimidazole anthelmintics on worm egg output of treated cattle.Aust Vet J. 1988 Mar;65(3):85-6.

[3]. Seaman JT, Eagleson JS, Carrigan MJ, Webb RF.Avermectin B1 toxicity in a herd of Murray Grey cattle.Aust Vet J. 1987 Sep;64(9):284-5.

[4]. Murty US, Jyothi KN, Jamil K.Effect of avermectin B1 (L-676) a metabolite from Streptomyces avermilitis on immatures of Culex quinquefasciatus.Indian J Med Res. 1987 May;85:539-41.

[5]. Parrish MD, Roberts RB.Toxicity of avermectin B1 to larval yellowjackets, Vespula maculifrons (Hymenoptera: Vespidae).J Econ Entomol. 1984 Jun;77(3):769-72.

[相关活性小分子]

阿维菌素物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
1.2±0.1 g/cm3

[ 沸点 ]:
940.9±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ 熔点 ]:
150-155°C

[ 分子式 ]:
C₉₅H₁₄₂O₂₈

[ 分子量 ]:
1732.13

[ 闪点 ]:
268.1±27.8 °C

[ PSA ]:
170.06000

[ LogP ]:
6.51

[ 外观性状 ]:
白色粉末

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
0.0±0.6 mmHg at 25°C

[ 折射率 ]:
1.571

[ 储存条件 ]:
库房通风低温干燥,与食品原料分开储运

阿维菌素毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: CL1203000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Avermectin B(sub 1)

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 71751-41-2

LAST UPDATED :: 199409

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 10 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: 85KYAH "Merck Index; an Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals", 11th ed., Rahway, NJ 07065, Merck & Co., Inc. 1989 Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,3,1989

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 1100 mg/m3/4H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: DEVEAA Defense des Vegetaux. (Federation Nationale des Groupements de Protection des Cultures, 149, rue de Bercy, 75595 Paris Cedex, 12, France) V.1- 1947- Volume(issue)/page/year: 42(249-250),41,1988

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 13600 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: DEVEAA Defense des Vegetaux. (Federation Nationale des Groupements de Protection des Cultures, 149, rue de Bercy, 75595 Paris Cedex, 12, France) V.1- 1947- Volume(issue)/page/year: 42(249-250),41,1988

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intracerebral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 1740 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

REFERENCE :: TOLED5 Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977- Volume(issue)/page/year: 60,289,1992

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Primate - monkey

DOSE/DURATION :: 17 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: DEVEAA Defense des Vegetaux. (Federation Nationale des Groupements de Protection des Cultures, 149, rue de Bercy, 75595 Paris Cedex, 12, France) V.1- 1947- Volume(issue)/page/year: 42(249-250),41,1988

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: >2 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: DEVEAA Defense des Vegetaux. (Federation Nationale des Groupements de Protection des Cultures, 149, rue de Bercy, 75595 Paris Cedex, 12, France) V.1- 1947- Volume(issue)/page/year: 42(249-250),41,1988

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Bird - duck

DOSE/DURATION :: 84600 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: DEVEAA Defense des Vegetaux. (Federation Nationale des Groupements de Protection des Cultures, 149, rue de Bercy, 75595 Paris Cedex, 12, France) V.1- 1947- Volume(issue)/page/year: 42(249-250),41,1988

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Bird - domestic

DOSE/DURATION :: >2 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: DEVEAA Defense des Vegetaux. (Federation Nationale des Groupements de Protection des Cultures, 149, rue de Bercy, 75595 Paris Cedex, 12, France) V.1- 1947- Volume(issue)/page/year: 42(249-250),41,1988

阿维菌素安全信息

[ 符号 ]:

GHS06, GHS08, GHS09

[ 信号词 ]:
Danger

[ 危害声明 ]:
H300 + H330-H361d-H372-H410

[ 警示性声明 ]:
P201-P260-P273-P301 + P310 + P330-P304 + P340 + P310-P403 + P233

[ 靶器官 ]:
Nervous system

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Eyeshields;Faceshields;Gloves;type N95 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
T+,N

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R20

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
36/37/39-45-60-61

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
2588

[ RTECS号 ]:
CL1203000

[ 包装等级 ]:
II

[ 危险类别 ]:
6.1(a)

[ 海关编码 ]:
2932999099

阿维菌素制备

1.用135#、43#菌株经发酵、培养、提取、精制而得。

135#、43#菌株茄子瓶斜面28℃，暗6天摇瓶种子培养基28℃，振荡24h

种子罐培养基28℃，200r/min通气量1∶0.4，罐压0.05MPa,24h发酵培养基

种量7.0%，28℃，170r/min通气量1∶0.5，罐压0.05MPa,160h放罐→发酵液板框过滤

滤渣溶剂混合液板框过滤抽取液→吸附溶剂解吸液减压浓缩

浓缩物溶剂溶解液→结晶抽滤结晶→重结晶干燥原药

消泡剂。聚乙二醇是较好的消泡剂，它不仅可提高发酵单位，且可抑制发酵过程中一种橙黄色蜡状物的产生。

搅拌。对发酵效果影响较大，由于菌丝体对叶轮剪切较为敏感，故采用水翼轮式搅拌装置能改善供氧，提高产量。

无机盐。其他各种无机盐对发酵无有利的影响。

阿维菌素海关

[ 海关编码 ]: 2932999099

[ 中文概述 ]:
2932999099. 其他仅含氧杂原子的杂环化合物. 增值税率:17.0%. 退税率:13.0%. 监管条件:无. 最惠国关税:6.5%. 普通关税:20.0%

[ 申报要素 ]: 品名, 成分含量, 用途

[ Summary ]:
2932999099. other heterocyclic compounds with oxygen hetero-atom(s) only. VAT:17.0%. Tax rebate rate:13.0%. . MFN tariff:6.5%. General tariff:20.0%

阿维菌素文献

Toxicity of three insecticides to Lysiphlebus fabarum, a parasitoid of the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae.

J. Insect Sci. 11 , 104, (2011)

The toxicity of three insecticides to Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae), a parasitoid of Aphis fabae Scopoli (Hemiptera: Aphididae), was investigated using IOBC/wprs...

[Toxicity and bioactivity of several alternative nematocides against Ditylenchus destructor].

Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 22(11) , 3026-32, (2011)

By the methods of fumigation and contact assay, this paper determined the toxicity of four kinds of soil fumigants and six kinds of non-fumigants against Ditylenchus destructor. In the meantime, the b...

Determination of active substances in binary mixture antiparasitic veterinary formulations by HPLC.

Acta Pol. Pharm. 68(4) , 467-72, (2011)

The purpose of the study was to develop a simple, versatile HPLC method for the identification and quantification of praziquantel and ivermectin (in Equimax) or praziquantel and abamectin (in Abamitel...

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