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甲氧氟烷

甲氧氟烷用途

Methoxyflurane 是一种卤化的挥发性麻醉剂,在亚麻醉剂量下具有有效的镇痛作用。Methoxyflurane 在小型实验动物中广泛用作麻醉剂,已有数十年历史。Methoxyflurane 具有肾毒性的风险。

甲氧氟烷名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
76-38-0

[ 中文名 ]:
2,2-二氯-1,1-二氟乙基甲基醚

[ 英文名 ]:
Ethane,2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoro-1-methoxy-

[中文别名 ]:

甲氧氟烷

[英文别名 ]:

MFCD00040144
2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoro-1-methoxyethane
EINECS 200-956-0
2,2-Dichloro-1,1-Difluoroethyl Methyl Ether

甲氧氟烷生物活性

[ 描述 ]:

[ 相关类别 ]:

研究领域 >> 其他

信号通路 >> 其他 >> 其他

[体外研究]

甲氧氟烷通过手持式吸入器输送[3]。

[体内研究]

在瑞士/ICR小鼠中检测微量、亚麻醉剂和麻醉剂对甲氧氟烷的发育毒性。在妊娠第6至15天每天暴露于微量(2ppm)和亚麻醉(60ppm)浓度的甲氧氟烷4小时后,未发现对生殖或胎儿发育有不良影响。同一时期暴露于麻醉浓度(2000 ppm；0.2%)会导致胎儿体重下降、骨化减少和肾成熟延迟。此外,轻微骨骼异常的发生率也增加了。结论是,小鼠妊娠暴露于微量甲氧氟烷的亚巢穴浓度不会导致其后代的生殖损失或形态学异常【4】。

[参考文献]

[1]. Occupational exposure to methoxyflurane administered for procedural sedation: an observational study of 40 exposures. Br J Anaesth. 2018 Jun;120(6):1435-1437.

[2]. Porter KM, et al. The role of inhaled methoxyflurane in acute pain management. Open Access Emerg Med. 2018 Oct 18;10:149-164.

[3]. Methoxyflurane nephrotoxicity. JAMA. 1971 Aug 16;217(7):958-9.

[4]. Wharton RS, et al., Developmental toxicity of methoxyflurane in mice. Anesth Analg. 1980 Jun;59(6):421-5.

甲氧氟烷物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
1.4262

[ 沸点 ]:
103 °C

[ 熔点 ]:
-36°C

[ 分子式 ]:
C₃H₄Cl₂F₂O

[ 分子量 ]:
164.96600

[ 闪点 ]:
37°C

[ 精确质量 ]:
163.96100

[ PSA ]:
9.23000

[ LogP ]:
2.02930

[ 外观性状 ]:
无色液体

[ 折射率 ]:
1.386

[ 储存条件 ]:
-70°C

[ 稳定性 ]:
Stability

甲氧氟烷毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: KN7820000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Ether, 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl methyl

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 76-38-0

BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :: 1737766

LAST UPDATED :: 199710

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 34

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C3-H4-Cl2-F2-O

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 164.97

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: GYGXFFO1

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

DOSE/DURATION :: 3500 ppm/1H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - renal function tests depressed

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 3600 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 33500 mg/m3/4H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 21500 mg/m3

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - general anesthetic Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - excitement

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 150 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - species unspecified

DOSE/DURATION :: 3600 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - antipsychotic

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - species unspecified

DOSE/DURATION :: 34 gm/m3

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - antipsychotic

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 50 ppm/24H/14W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes in urine composition Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.)

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 48600 mg/m3/4H/30D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

DOSE :: 100 ppm/8H

SEX/DURATION :: female 1-21 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

DOSE :: 400 ppm/8H

SEX/DURATION :: female 1-21 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

DOSE :: 2 ppm/4H

SEX/DURATION :: female 6-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - urogenital system

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

DOSE :: 2000 ppm/4H

SEX/DURATION :: female 6-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

TYPE OF TEST :: Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified

MUTATION DATA

TEST SYSTEM :: Bird - chicken

REFERENCE :: ENVRAL Environmental Research. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 12,366,1976 *** REVIEWS *** IARC Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,93,1987 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW ARPTDI Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology. (Annual Reviews, Inc., POB 10139, Palo Alto, CA 94303) V.16- 1976- Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,67,1976 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW KDYIA5 Kidney International. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus Secaucus, NJ 07094) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 10,82,1976 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW CANJAE Canadian Anaesthetists' Society Journal. (Toronto, Ont., Canada) V.1-33, 1954-86. Volume(issue)/page/year: 19,152,1972 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW ARMCAH Annual Review of Medicine. (Annual Reviews, Inc., POB 10139, Palo Alto, CA 94303) V.1- 1950- Volume(issue)/page/year: 25,411,1974 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW AACRAT Anesthesia and Analgesia (New York). (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.36- 1957- Volume(issue)/page/year: 57,328,1978 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-DENMARK:TWA 2 ppm (14 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 200 mg/m3 JAN 1993 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO METHOXYFLURANE-air:CL 2 ppm REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 82904 No. of Facilities: 627 (estimated) No. of Industries: 2 No. of Occupations: 6 No. of Employees: 8095 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 82904 No. of Facilities: 2120 (estimated) No. of Industries: 2 No. of Occupations: 14 No. of Employees: 32772 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 18210 (estimated)

甲氧氟烷安全信息

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
Xi

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R10

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S23-S24/25

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
3271

[ RTECS号 ]:
KN7820000

[ 包装等级 ]:
III

[ 危险类别 ]:
3

甲氧氟烷合成路线

详细合成路线

甲氧氟烷上下游产品

甲氧氟烷上游产品

甲氧氟烷下游产品

甲氧氟烷制备

工业上采用二氯二氟乙烷和甲醇在碱性催化剂存在下得粗醚,再经氧化、分离、中和而得。