灭草烟

灭草烟用途

【用途一】
是新型广谱除草剂，芽后施用对莎草科杂草、一年生和多年生单子叶杂草、阔叶杂草有卓越的除草活性
【用途二】
咪唑啉酮类除草剂。其作用机制为抑制支链氨基酸的合成。本品为选择性除草剂，用于铁路、公路、工厂、仓库、水渠及林业除草，用量500～2000g/hm²，可防除大多数一年生与多年生草本与大本植物，可进行土壤处理及出苗后茎叶处理，苗后处理更为有效。茎叶处理时，在溶液中需加0.25%非离子型表面活性剂，2～4周后，草本植物失绿、组织坏化，1个月内树木幼龄叶片变红或褐，一些树种在3个月内全部落叶，最终死亡。
【用途三】
除草剂。

灭草烟名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
81334-34-1

[ 中文名 ]:
咪唑烟酸

[ 英文名 ]:
Imazapyr

[中文别名 ]:

[英文别名 ]:

Charper
MFCD00144470
(±)-Imazapyr
Imazapyr
Arsenal 250A
isopropylamine Salt
T6NJ CVQ B- ET5MV DN CHJ CY1&1 C1
midazol-2-yl)

灭草烟物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
1.3±0.1 g/cm3

[ 沸点 ]:
425.1±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ 熔点 ]:
169-173°C

[ 分子式 ]:
C₁₃H₁₅N₃O₃

[ 分子量 ]:
261.276

[ 闪点 ]:
210.9±31.5 °C

[ 精确质量 ]:
261.111328

[ PSA ]:
91.65000

[ LogP ]:
0.51

[ 外观性状 ]:
灰白色晶体

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
0.0±1.1 mmHg at 25°C

[ 折射率 ]:
1.632

[ 储存条件 ]:
0-6°C

[ 稳定性 ]:
Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

灭草烟毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: US5682500

CHEMICAL NAME :: 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 2-(4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-im idazol- 2-yl)-

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 81334-34-1

LAST UPDATED :: 199612

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 6

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C13-H15-N3-O3

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: >5 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: PEMNDP Pesticide Manual. (The British Crop Protection Council, 20 Bridport Rd., Thornton Heath CR4 7QG, UK) V.1- 1968- Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,486,1991

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: >2 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: PEMNDP Pesticide Manual. (The British Crop Protection Council, 20 Bridport Rd., Thornton Heath CR4 7QG, UK) V.1- 1968- Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,486,1991

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: >2 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: PEMNDP Pesticide Manual. (The British Crop Protection Council, 20 Bridport Rd., Thornton Heath CR4 7QG, UK) V.1- 1968- Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,486,1991

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Bird - quail

DOSE/DURATION :: >2150 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: PEMNDP Pesticide Manual. (The British Crop Protection Council, 20 Bridport Rd., Thornton Heath CR4 7QG, UK) V.1- 1968- Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,487,1991

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Bird - duck

DOSE/DURATION :: >2150 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: PEMNDP Pesticide Manual. (The British Crop Protection Council, 20 Bridport Rd., Thornton Heath CR4 7QG, UK) V.1- 1968- Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,487,1991 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** EPA FIFRA 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,7740,1989

灭草烟安全信息

[ 符号 ]:

GHS07

[ 信号词 ]:
Warning

[ 危害声明 ]:
H319-H412

[ 警示性声明 ]:
P273-P305 + P351 + P338

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
dust mask type N95 (US);Eyeshields;Gloves

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
Xi:Irritant;

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R36;R52/53

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S26-S61

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
NONH for all modes of transport

[ RTECS号 ]:
US5682500

[ 海关编码 ]:
2933990090

灭草烟合成路线

详细合成路线

灭草烟上下游产品

灭草烟上游产品

灭草烟下游产品

灭草烟制备

丁酮二酸二乙酯合成加入乙醚250mL、乙醇钠48.0g。冷却至4～6℃。滴加草酸二乙酯68.8g和醋酸乙酯49.7g混合液。搅拌0.5h。升温至38～40℃。回流1h。放置过夜。用10%稀硫酸调节pH值为1～2。分取乙醚层。用水洗涤。乙醚层蒸去乙醚后，残液减压蒸馏，收集130～132℃/3200Pa馏分39.3g。

2-氨基琥珀酸二乙酯合成加入丁酮二酸二乙酯89.5g和甲苯150g。加热搅拌到100～110℃。然后将氨气通入8h。冷却。水洗反应液。减压下除去甲苯。减压蒸馏，收集110～114℃/666.7Pa馏分70.15g。

5-乙基吡啶-2，3-羧酸二乙酯合成加入2-乙基丙烯醛30.58g、2-氨基琥珀酸二乙酯59.18g、对甲苯磺酸2.7g和250gDMF。在90℃反应5h。减压蒸去DMF。残液加入500g甲苯。用5%氢氧化钠洗涤。减压蒸去甲苯。残液减压蒸馏。收集148～150℃/266.6Pa馏分70.5g。

5-乙基吡啶-2，3-羧酸酐合成加入111g25%氢氧化钠溶液。搅拌加热至55℃。滴加5-乙基吡啶-2，3-羧酸二乙酯56.2g。滴加时间约20min。再加热到65℃，维持15min。减压乙醇-水蒸出。然后加入70g水和318g四氢呋喃。此睦，温度维持在40℃。反应液用50%硫酸调节pH值至1.65。分去水相。油相蒸去四氢呋喃。加入醋酐50.4g和4-皮考林19.1g。室温搅拌1h。减压蒸除低沸。得5-乙基吡啶-2，3-羧酸酐36.0g (含量81.52%)。

咪唑烟酸合成加入7.31g 5-乙基吡啶-2，3-羧酸酐和5.2g 2-氨基-2，3-二甲基丁酰胺以及甲苯100mL。室温搅拌过夜。2.02g 三乙胺（0.02mol)加入。回流脱水。减压除去甲苯。残余物加入100mL水溶液。用10%氢氧化钠调节pH值至9。分去油相。水相用盐酸调节pH值至3。析出固体用混合溶剂重结晶。得到无色固体产品7.3g。m.p.168～170℃。

制备方法二

吡啶二羧酸失水生成吡啶二酸酐，然后与（CH3）2CHCCH3（CN）NH2反应，生成氨基甲酰基烟酸，再与过氧化氢在氢氧化钠的水溶液中水解，升温环合，合成咪唑烟酸。

灭草烟海关

[ 海关编码 ]: 2933990090

[ 中文概述 ]:
2933990090. 其他仅含氮杂原子的杂环化合物. 增值税率:17.0%. 退税率:13.0%. 监管条件:无. 最惠国关税:6.5%. 普通关税:20.0%

[ 申报要素 ]: 品名, 成分含量, 用途, 乌洛托品请注明外观, 6－己内酰胺请注明外观, 签约日期

[ Summary ]:
2933990090. heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen hetero-atom(s) only. VAT:17.0%. Tax rebate rate:13.0%. . MFN tariff:6.5%. General tariff:20.0%

灭草烟文献

Abiotic degradation (photodegradation and hydrolysis) of imidazolinone herbicides.

J. Environ. Sci. Health B 43(2) , 105-12, (2008)

The abiotic degradation of the imidazolinone herbicides imazapyr, imazethapyr and imazaquin was investigated under controlled conditions. Hydrolysis, where it occurred, and photodegradation both follo...

Acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) in vivo assay for screening imidazolinone-resistance in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.).

Plant Physiol. Biochem. 61 , 103-7, (2012)

The objective of this work was to evaluate the in vivo acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) activity response to imidazolinones and its possible use as a selection method for evaluating AHAS inhibitor res...

Faster degradation of herbicidally-active enantiomer of imidazolinones in soils.

Chemosphere 79(11) , 1040-5, (2010)

Imidazolinones are chiral herbicides, comprised of two enantiomers with differential herbicidal activity. In this study, the selective degradation of enantiomers of the three imidazolinone herbicides,...

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灭草烟