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61-33-6

61-33-6结构式
61-33-6结构式
  • 常用中文名:青霉素
  • 常用英文名:Penicillin-G
  • CAS号:61-33-6
  • 分子式:C16H18N2O4S
  • 分子量:334.390
  • 相关类别: 原料药 抗生素类药物 青霉素类药
  • 发布时间:2018-02-04 08:00:00
  • 更新时间:2024-01-02 17:51:02
  • 青霉素G是一种有效的青霉素抑制剂。青霉素G可用于细菌感染[1]。
  • 青霉素属窄谱的杀菌性抗生素,抗菌作用很强。青霉素对多种革兰阳性菌(包括链球菌、肺炎球菌、敏感的葡萄球菌和杆菌)、部分革兰阴性球菌(包括脑膜炎球菌、淋球菌)、螺旋体和放线菌有强大抗菌活性,对革兰阳性杆菌包括白喉杆菌、炭疽杆菌及革兰阳性厌氧杆菌,如破伤风杆菌、产气荚膜杆菌等敏感; 但对革兰阴性杆菌作用很弱,对结核杆菌、立克次体、病毒等无效。
    青霉素是细菌繁殖期杀菌剂,主要通过干扰细菌细胞壁的合成而产生抗菌作用。它能抑制细菌细胞壁的基础成分黏肽的合成,造成细胞壁缺损,使水分渗入细菌胞浆,导致菌体肿胀、变形,最后裂解而死亡。由于革兰阳性菌的细胞壁黏肽含量较革兰阴性菌高,所以对前者作用较强。人和动物的细胞没有细胞壁,所以青霉素对其几乎无毒性。
    临床上主要用于革兰阳性菌引起的各种感染,如败血症、肺炎、肾炎、乳腺炎、子宫内膜炎、创伤感染、猪丹毒、猪淋巴结肿胀、兔和禽葡萄球菌病、链球菌病、炭疽、恶性水肿、气肿疽、马腺疫等。青霉素也可用于治疗放线菌及钩瑞螺旋体病。青霉素还可局部应用,如乳管内、子宫内及关节腔内注入,以治疗乳房炎、子宫内膜炎及关节炎等。另外,我国有人与链霉素合用,注射产后亲鱼,防治继发性感染。青霉素也用于治疗肠球菌感染性心包炎、梭状芽胞杆菌所致的破伤风和气性坏疽、流行性脑脊髓炎、李氏杆菌病等。在手术或术后,为了预防炎症的发生,青霉素也作为首选药物。
    本品不耐酸,也不耐酶,不宜内服给药。在水溶液中稳定性差,降解迅速,禽病防治一般不宜采用自由混饮给药,但可采用“口渴法”混饮给药,用于肠道局部感染,如坏死性肠炎、溃疡性肠炎,球虫病以及病毒性疾病的继发细菌感染。
    青霉素属窄谱的杀菌性抗生素,抗菌作用很强。青霉素对多种革兰阳性菌(包括链球菌、肺炎球菌、敏感的葡萄球菌和杆菌)、部分革兰阴性球菌(包括脑膜炎球菌、淋球菌)、螺旋体和放线菌有强大抗菌活性,对革兰阳性杆菌包括白喉杆菌、炭疽杆菌及革兰阳性厌氧杆菌,如破伤风杆菌、产气荚膜杆菌等敏感; 但对革兰阴性杆菌作用很弱,对结核杆菌、立克次体、病毒等无效。
    青霉素是细菌繁殖期杀菌剂,主要通过干扰细菌细胞壁的合成而产生抗菌作用。它能抑制细菌细胞壁的基础成分黏肽的合成,造成细胞壁缺损,使水分渗入细菌胞浆,导致菌体肿胀、变形,最后裂解而死亡。由于革兰阳性菌的细胞壁黏肽含量较革兰阴性菌高,所以对前者作用较强。人和动物的细胞没有细胞壁,所以青霉素对其几乎无毒性。
    临床上主要用于革兰阳性菌引起的各种感染,如败血症、肺炎、肾炎、乳腺炎、子宫内膜炎、创伤感染、猪丹毒、猪淋巴结肿胀、兔和禽葡萄球菌病、链球菌病、炭疽、恶性水肿、气肿疽、马腺疫等。青霉素也可用于治疗放线菌及钩瑞螺旋体病。青霉素还可局部应用,如乳管内、子宫内及关节腔内注入,以治疗乳房炎、子宫内膜炎及关节炎等。另外,我国有人与链霉素合用,注射产后亲鱼,防治继发性感染。青霉素也用于治疗肠球菌感染性心包炎、梭状芽胞杆菌所致的破伤风和气性坏疽、流行性脑脊髓炎、李氏杆菌病等。在手术或术后,为了预防炎症的发生,青霉素也作为首选药物。
    本品不耐酸,也不耐酶,不宜内服给药。在水溶液中稳定性差,降解迅速,禽病防治一般不宜采用自由混饮给药,但可采用“口渴法”混饮给药,用于肠道局部感染,如坏死性肠炎、溃疡性肠炎,球虫病以及病毒性疾病的继发细菌感染。

化源商城直购

中文名 青霉素
英文名 benzylpenicillin
中文别名 (2S,5R,6R)-3,3-二甲基-6-(2-苯乙酰氨基)-7-氧代-4-硫杂-1-氮杂双环[3.2.0]庚烷-2-甲酸
盘尼西林
英文别名 penicillin, benzyl-
cilloral
MFCD00036193
benzyl penicillin
4-Thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-[(2-phenylacetyl)amino]-, (2S,5R,6R)-
cosmopen
dropcillin
cilopen
abbocillin
[2S-(2a,5a,6b)]-3,3-Dimethyl-7-oxo-6-[(phenylacetyl)amino]-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic Acid
(2S,5R,6R)-6-[(E)-(1-Hydroxy-2-phenylethylidene)amino]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid
Penicillinic acid, benzyl-
galofak
Penicillin II
Pencillin G
pradupen
Ursopen
penicillin G
UNII-Q42T66VG0C
gelacillin
4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-[(phenylacetyl)amino]-, (2S,5R,6R)-
(2S,5R,6R)-3,3-Dimethyl-7-oxo-6-[(phenylacetyl)amino]-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid
4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 6-[[(1E)-1-hydroxy-2-phenylethylidene]amino]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-, (2S,5R,6R)-
EINECS 204-038-0
pencilling
密度 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
沸点 663.3±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
分子式 C16H18N2O4S
分子量 334.390
闪点 355.0±31.5 °C
精确质量 334.098724
PSA 112.01000
LogP 1.67
外观性状 powder
蒸汽压 0.0±2.1 mmHg at 25°C
折射率 1.655
储存条件 通风低温干燥
水溶解性 H2O: 100 mg/mL
分子结构

1、 摩尔折射率:86.34

2、 摩尔体积(cm3/mol):235.1

3、 等张比容(90.2K):675.0

4、 表面张力(dyne/cm):67.8

5、 极化率(10-24cm3):34.22

计算化学

1.疏水参数计算参考值(XlogP):无

2.氢键供体数量:2

3.氢键受体数量:5

4.可旋转化学键数量:4

5.互变异构体数量:4

6.拓扑分子极性表面积112

7.重原子数量:23

8.表面电荷:0

9.复杂度:530

10.同位素原子数量:0

11.确定原子立构中心数量:3

12.不确定原子立构中心数量:0

13.确定化学键立构中心数量:0

14.不确定化学键立构中心数量:0

15.共价键单元数量:1

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :
XH9400000
CHEMICAL NAME :
4-Thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6- (2-phenylacetamido)-
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
61-33-6
BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :
0044740
LAST UPDATED :
199612
DATA ITEMS CITED :
24
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
C16-H18-N2-O4-S
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
334.42
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
T45 ANV ESTJ CMV1R& F F GVQ

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Parenteral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - child
DOSE/DURATION :
15000 units/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Ear) - changes in cochlear structure or function Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
8 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
9 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
>5 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
3500 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
329 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intracerebral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
5700 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
7800 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intracerebral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
1118 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
4940 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intracerebral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
653 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
38 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - hamster
DOSE/DURATION :
24 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - food intake (animal) Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - hamster
DOSE/DURATION :
96 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - food intake (animal) Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
104 ku/kg/4D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - changes in other cell count (unspecified) Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - dehydrogenases
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intramuscular
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
750 units/kg/5D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Immunological Including Allergic - decrease in humoral immune response Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - phosphatases
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
2600 mg/kg/65W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
TEST SYSTEM :
Microorganism - not otherwise specified
DOSE/DURATION :
20 ug/L
REFERENCE :
AMACCQ Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. (American Soc. for Microbiology, 1913 I St., NW, Washington, DC 20006) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 17,572,1980 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 0.1 mg/m3 JAN 1993 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X3134 No. of Facilities: 151 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 5 No. of Employees: 2695 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 1750 (estimated)

危害码 (欧洲) Xn
风险声明 (欧洲) R42/43
安全声明 (欧洲) S36/37
WGK德国 2
RTECS号 XH9700000
海关编码 32041900
海关编码 32041900