Rosiglitazone

Names

[ Name ]:
Rosiglitazone

[Synonym ]:
2,4-Thiazolidinedione, 5-[[4-[2-(methyl-2-pyridinylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]methyl]- (9CI)
Avandia
5-(4-{2-[Methyl(2-pyridinyl)amino]ethoxy}benzyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
MFCD00871760
5-(4-{2-[methyl(pyridin-2-yl)amino]ethoxy}benzyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
2,4-Thiazolidinedione, 5-[[4-[2-(methyl-2-pyridinylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]methyl]-
5-[[4-[2-[methyl(pyridin-2-yl)amino]ethoxy]phenyl]methyl]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
5-(4-(2-(Methyl(pyridin-2-yl)amino)ethoxy)benzyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione

Biological Activity

[Description]:

Rosiglitazone (BRL49653) is a potent thiazolidinedione insulin sensitizer. Rosiglitazone is a selective PPARγ agonist with EC50s of 30 nM, 100 nM and 60 nM for PPARγ1, PPARγ2, and PPARγ, respectively.

[Related Catalog]:

Signaling Pathways >> Autophagy >> Autophagy

Signaling Pathways >> Cell Cycle/DNA Damage >> PPAR

Signaling Pathways >> Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel >> TRP Channel

Research Areas >> Inflammation/Immunology

Research Areas >> Metabolic Disease

[Target]

PPARγ1:30 nM (EC50)

PPARγ2:100 nM (EC50)

[In Vitro]

Rosiglitazone is a potent and selective activator of PPARγ, with EC50s of 30 nM and 100 nM for PPARγ1 and PPARγ2, respectively, and a Kd of appr 40 nM for PPARγ. Rosiglitazone (BRL49653, 0.1, 1,10 μM) promotes differentiation of C3H10T1/2 stem cells to adipocytes[1]. Rosiglitazone (Compound 6) activates PPARγ, with an EC50 of 60 nM[2]. Rosiglitazone (1 μM) activates PPARγ, which binds to NF-α1 promoter to activate gene transcription in neurons. Rosiglitazone (1 μM) also protects Neuro2A cells and hippocampal neurons against oxidative stress, and up-regulates BCL-2 expression in an NF-α1-dependent manner[3]. Rosiglitazone completely inhibits TRPM3 with IC50 values of 9.5 and 4.6 μM against nifedipine- and PregS-evoked activity, but such effects are not via PPARγ. Rosiglitazone inhibits TRPM2 at higher concentration, with an IC50 of appr 22.5 μM. Rosiglitazone is a strong stimulator of TRPC5 channels, with an EC50 of ∼30 μM[4].

[In Vivo]

Rosiglitazone (5 mg/kg, p.o.) decreases the serum glucose in diabetic rats. Rosiglitazone also decreases IL-6, TNF-α, and VCAM-1 levels in diabetic group. Rosiglitazone in combination with losartan increases glucose compared to diabetic and Los-treated groups. Rosiglitazone significantly ameliorates endothelial dysfunction indicated by a significantly lower contractile response to PE and Ang II and enhancement of ACh-provoked relaxation in aortas isolated from diabetic rats[5].

[Kinase Assay]

cDNA encoding amino acids 174-475 of PPARγ1 is amplified via polymerase chain reaction and inserted into bacterial expression vector pGEX-2T. GST-PPARγ LBD is expressed in BL21(DE3)plysS cells and extracts. For saturation binding analysis, bacterial extracts (100 μg of protein) are incubated at 4°C for 3 h in buffer containing 10 mM Tris (pH 8.0), 50 mM KCl, 10 mM dithiothreitol with [3H]-BRL49653 (specific activity, 40 Ci/mmol) in the presence or absence of unlabeled Rosiglitazone. Bound is separated from free radioactivity by elution through 1-mL Sephadex G-25 desalting columns. Bound radioactivity eluted in the column void volume and is quantitated by liquid scintillation counting[1].

[Cell Assay]

C3H10T1/2 cells are grown in a 24-well plate in DME medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. Medium and compound (Rosiglitazone) are exchanged every 3 days. Cells are stained at day 7 with Oil Red O and photographed[1].

[Animal admin]

Rats are intravenously injected with 38 mg/kg streptozotocin and after 48 h, diabetes is identified by urinary glucosuria and then random blood sugar is measured and this day is regarded as day 0. Animals with a serum glucose level of 220-300 mg/dL are selected to be used in this study. Rats are randomly separated into five groups for daily drug administration for 8 weeks: group 1: control nondiabetic rats given a vehicle only (0.5 mL/kg of 0.5% carboxy methyl celleluse orally), group 2: control diabetic rats given a vehicle, group 3: diabetic rats receiving Rosiglitazone (5 mg/kg orally), group 4: diabetic rats receiving losartan (2 mg/kg, orally), and group 5: diabetic rats receiving both Rosiglitazone and losartan[2].

[References]

[1]. Lehmann JM, et al. An antidiabetic thiazolidinedione is a high affinity ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma). J Biol Chem. 1995 Jun 2;270(22):12953-6.

[2]. Willson TM, et al. The structure-activity relationship between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonism and the antihyperglycemic activity of thiazolidinediones. J Med Chem. 1996 Feb 2;39(3):665-8.

[3]. Thouennon E, et al. Rosiglitazone-activated PPARγ induces neurotrophic factor-α1 transcription contributing to neuroprotection. J Neurochem. 2015 Aug;134(3):463-70.

[4]. Majeed Y, et al. Rapid and contrasting effects of rosiglitazone on transient receptor potential TRPM3 and TRPC5 channels. Mol Pharmacol. 2011 Jun;79(6):1023-30.

[5]. Ateyya H, et al. Beneficial effects of rosiglitazone and losartan combination in diabetic rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2018 Mar;96(3):215-220.

[Related Small Molecules]

Chemical & Physical Properties

[ Density]:
1.3±0.1 g/cm3

[ Boiling Point ]:
585.0±35.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ Melting Point ]:
153-155ºC

[ Molecular Formula ]:
C₁₈H₁₉N₃O₃S

[ Molecular Weight ]:
357.427

[ Flash Point ]:
307.6±25.9 °C

[ Exact Mass ]:
357.114716

[ PSA ]:
96.83000

[ LogP ]:
2.56

[ Vapour Pressure ]:
0.0±1.6 mmHg at 25°C

[ Index of Refraction ]:
1.642

[ Storage condition ]:
2-8°C

MSDS

Click to get detail MSDS

Safety Information

[ Hazard Codes ]:
Xi

[ Risk Phrases ]:
R36/38

[ Safety Phrases ]:
S45-S28A-S20/21

[ RIDADR ]:
3280

[ Packaging Group ]:
II

[ Hazard Class ]:
6.1

[ HS Code ]:
2934999090

Synthetic Route

Click to get detail synthetic route

Precursor & DownStream

Precursor

DownStream

Customs

[ HS Code ]: 2934999090

[ Summary ]:
2934999090. other heterocyclic compounds. VAT:17.0%. Tax rebate rate:13.0%. . MFN tariff:6.5%. General tariff:20.0%

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