Tubastatin A

Names

[ Name ]:
Tubastatin A

[Synonym ]:
TUBASTATIN A HYDROCHLORIDE
N-hydroxy-4-({2-methyl-1H,3H,4H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-5-yl}methyl)benzamide hydrochloride
N-Hydroxy-4-[(2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-5-yl)methyl]benzamide
Benzamide, N-hydroxy-4-[(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-5-yl)methyl]-
Tubastatin A Trifluoroacetic Acid Salt
TUBASTSTINA HCL
TUBASTATIN A ((2-METHYL-3,4-DIHYDRO-1H-PYRIDO[4,3-B]-INDOL- 5(2H)-YL)METHYL)BENZAMIDE)
TUBASTATIN A_HCL
Tubastatin A
TUBASTANTIN A
Tubastatin A (trifluoroacetate salt)
TRIETHYLENETHIOPHOSPHORAMIDE,WHITE SOLID
[4-({2-methyl-1H,2H,3H,4H,5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-5-yl}methyl)phenyl]formamido 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate
N-Hydroxy-4-[(2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-5 -yl)methyl]benzamide
N-hydroxy-4-((2-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-5(2H)-yl)methyl)benzamide

Biological Activity

[Description]:

Tubastatin A (TSA) TFA is a potent and selective?HDAC6?inhibitor with?IC50?of 15 nM in a cell-free assay, and is selective (1000-fold more) against all other isozymes except HDAC8 (57-fold more). Tubastatin A TFA also inhibits HDAC10 and metallo-β-lactamase domain-containing protein?2 (MBLAC2).

[Related Catalog]:

Signaling Pathways >> Apoptosis >> Apoptosis

Research Areas >> Cancer

Signaling Pathways >> Autophagy >> Autophagy

Signaling Pathways >> Cell Cycle/DNA Damage >> HDAC

Signaling Pathways >> Epigenetics >> HDAC

[Target]

IC50: 15 nM (HDAC6)[1]

[In Vitro]

Tubastatin A is substantially selective for all 11 HDAC isoforms and maintains over 1000-fold selectivity against all isoforms excluding HDAC8, where it has approximately 57-fold selectivity. In homocysteic acid (HCA) induced neurodegeneration assays, Tubastatin A displays dose-dependent protection against HCA-induced neuronal cell death starting at 5 μM with near complete protection at 10 μM[1].?At 100 ng/mL Tubastatin A increases Foxp3+ T-regulatory cells (Tregs) suppression of T cell proliferation in vitro[2].?Tubastatin A treatment in CC12 cells would lead to myotube formation impairment when alpha-tubulin is hyperacetylated early in the myogenic process; however, myotube elongation occurs when alpha-tubulin is hyeperacetylated in myotubes[3].?A recent study indicates that Tubastatin A treatment increases cell elasticity as revealed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) tests without exerting drastic changes to the actin microfilament or microtubule networks in mouse ovarian cancer cell lines, MOSE-E and MOSE-L[4].

[In Vivo]

Daily treatment of Tubastatin A at 0.5 mg/kg inhibits HDAC6 to promote Tregs suppressive activity in mouse models of inflammation and autoimmunity, including multiple forms of experimental colitis and fully major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-incompatible cardiac allograft rejection[2].

[References]

[1]. de Zoeten EF, et al. Histone deacetylase 6 and heat shock protein 90 control the functions of Foxp3(+) T-regulatory cells. Mol Cell Biol. 2011 May;31(10):2066-78.

[2]. Kyle V. Butler et al. Rational Design and Simple Chemistry Yield a Superior, Neuroprotective HDAC6 Inhibitor, Tubastatin A J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2010, 132 (31), pp 10842-10846

[3]. Di Fulvio S, et al. Dysferlin interacts with histone deacetylase 6 and increases alpha-tubulin acetylation. PLoS One. 2011;6(12):e28563

[4]. Ketene AN, et al. Actin filaments play a primary role for structural integrity and viscoelastic response in cells. Integr Biol (Camb). 2012 May;4(5):540-9.

[5]. Brijmohan AS, et al. HDAC6 Inhibition Promotes Transcription Factor EB Activation and Is Protective in Experimental Kidney Disease. Front Pharmacol. 2018 Feb 1;9:34.

[6]. Severin Lechner, et al. Target deconvolution of HDAC pharmacopoeia reveals MBLAC2 as common off-target. Nat Chem Biol. 2022 Apr 28.