ENMD-2076

ENMD-2076 is a multi-targeted kinase inhibitor with IC50s of 1.86, 14, 58.2, 15.9, 92.7, 70.8, 56.4 nM for Aurora A, Flt3, KDR/VEGFR2, Flt4/VEGFR3, FGFR1, FGFR2, Src, PDGFRα, respectively.

Signaling Pathways >> Cell Cycle/DNA Damage >> Aurora Kinase

Signaling Pathways >> Epigenetics >> Aurora Kinase

Signaling Pathways >> Protein Tyrosine Kinase/RTK >> FLT3

Signaling Pathways >> Protein Tyrosine Kinase/RTK >> Src

Research Areas >> Cancer

Aurora A:14 nM (IC50)

KDR:58.2 nM (IC50)

Flt-4:15.9 nM (IC50)

FGFR1:92.7 nM (IC50)

FGFR2:70.8 nM (IC50)

PDGFRα:56.4 nM (IC50)

Flt3:1.86 nM (IC50)

ENMD-2076 is selective toward Aurora A versus Aurora B (IC50=350 nM). ENMD-2076 inhibits HUVEC growth with an IC50 value of 0.15 mM. Against 10 human leukemia cell lines, the IC50 values range from 0.025 to 0.53 mM. Within this panel, MV4:11 cells are the most sensitive cells by a factor of greater than 4. The lymphoma-derived U937 cell line treated with ENMD-2076 shows that the ENMD-2076 induces a dose-dependent increase in G2-M-phase arrest as well as the induction of apoptosis. ENMD-2076 inhibits cellular Flt3 ligand (FL)-induced Flt3 autophosphorylation in THP-1 cells, which have been shown to express FL-responsive wild-type Flt- 3 (18) with an IC50 value of 28 nM. ENMD-2076 inhibits stem cell factor (SCF)-induced Kit autophosphorylation in MO7e cells with an IC50 value of 40 nM. ENMD-2076 inhibits VEGFR2/KDR autophosphorylation with an IC50 value of 7 nM[1].

ENMD-2076 treatment results in statistically significant, dose dependent inhibition of tumor growth or tumor regression. Moreover, there is no correlation between tumor growth rate and antitumor efficacy, which would conceivably be expected for a mitotic kinase inhibitor, as fast growing (e.g., A375 melanoma) and slow-growing (e.g., HT29 colon carcinoma) tumors are similarly inhibited by ENMD-2076. ENMD-2076 is well tolerated at daily doses up to 302 mg/kg (equivalent to 200 mg/kg of the free base), with no weight loss or signs of morbidity noted in any study at this dose with the exception of the A375 model[1].

Recombinant Aurora A and B kinase enzymes assays are carried out in kinase assay buffer (50 mM of HEPES, pH 7.5, 10 mM of MgCl2, 5 mM of EGTA, 0.05% Brij-35) supplemented with 2 mM of DTT. Activities are determined at an ATP concentration equivalent to the apparent Km for each enzyme, and an enzyme concentration that results in approximately 30% phosphorylation of the peptide substrate after 1 hour. Dose–response curves of relative enzyme activity versus ENMD-2076 concentration are plotted with Grafit and used to calculate IC50 values[1].

The antiproliferative effect of ENMD-2076 on adherent tumor cell lines is measured by plating 500 cells per well in a 96-well plate and incubating with 9 doses of compound, spanning 0.3 nM to 125 mM, for 96 hours. Cellular proliferation is measured using the sulforhodamine B assay[1].

Mice: Cell lines are injected subcutaneously or into the mammary fat pad (MDA-MB-231 only) of 5- to 6-week-old CB.17 SCID or NCr nude mice. Tumors are allowed to grow for 10 to 50 days before drug treatment. All treatments are with ENMD-2076 in water or ENMD-2076 free base in CMC-Tween vehicle (0.075% carboxymethylcellulose, 0.085% Tween 80 in water), administered orally. Percent tumor growth inhibition is calculated[1].

[1]. Fletcher GC, et al. ENMD-2076 is an orally active kinase inhibitor with antiangiogenic and antiproliferative mechanisms of action. Mol Cancer Ther. 2011 Jan;10(1):126-37.

[2]. Wang X, et al. Preclinical activity of a novel multiple tyrosine kinase and aurora kinase inhibitor, ENMD-2076, against multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol. 2010 Aug;150(3):313-25.

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