Thiamphenicol

Modify Date: 2024-01-02 11:17:06

Thiamphenicol Structure
Thiamphenicol structure
 Common Name Thiamphenicol
CAS Number 15318-45-3 Molecular Weight 356.222
Density 1.5±0.1 g/cm3 Boiling Point 695.9±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Formula C12H15Cl2NO5S Melting Point 163-166ºC
MSDS Chinese USA Flash Point 374.7±31.5 °C

 Use of Thiamphenicol


Thiamphenicol is an antimicrobial antibiotic and a methyl-sulfonyl analogue of chloramphenicol.Target: AntibacterialThiamphenicol (also known as thiophenicol and dextrosulphenidol) is an antibiotic. It is the methyl-sulfonyl analogue of chloramphenicol and has a similar spectrum of activity, but is 2.5 to 5 times as potent. Like chloramphenicol, it is insoluble in water, but highly soluble in lipids. It is used in many countries as a veterinary antibiotic, but is available in China, Morocco and Italy for use in humans. Its main advantage over chloramphenicol is that it has never been associated with aplastic anaemia. Thiamphenicol is a derivative of chloramphenicol characterized by a spectrum comparable to that of the parent compound against multiresistant pathogens but showing satisfactory tolerability. Thiamphenicol showed a significant PAE (0.33 to 2.9h) on all pathogens studied and a powerful bactericidal effect against beta-lactamase-positive and -negative H. influenzae. These results indicate a good in vitro activity of thiamphenicol against difficult-to-treat multiply resistant pathogens [1, 2].

 Names

Name thiamphenicol
Synonym More Synonyms

 Thiamphenicol Biological Activity

Description Thiamphenicol is an antimicrobial antibiotic and a methyl-sulfonyl analogue of chloramphenicol.Target: AntibacterialThiamphenicol (also known as thiophenicol and dextrosulphenidol) is an antibiotic. It is the methyl-sulfonyl analogue of chloramphenicol and has a similar spectrum of activity, but is 2.5 to 5 times as potent. Like chloramphenicol, it is insoluble in water, but highly soluble in lipids. It is used in many countries as a veterinary antibiotic, but is available in China, Morocco and Italy for use in humans. Its main advantage over chloramphenicol is that it has never been associated with aplastic anaemia. Thiamphenicol is a derivative of chloramphenicol characterized by a spectrum comparable to that of the parent compound against multiresistant pathogens but showing satisfactory tolerability. Thiamphenicol showed a significant PAE (0.33 to 2.9h) on all pathogens studied and a powerful bactericidal effect against beta-lactamase-positive and -negative H. influenzae. These results indicate a good in vitro activity of thiamphenicol against difficult-to-treat multiply resistant pathogens [1, 2].
Related Catalog
References

[1]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiamphenicol

[2]. Marchese, A., et al., In vitro activity of thiamphenicol against multiresistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus in Italy. J Chemother, 2002. 14(6): p. 554-61.

 Chemical & Physical Properties

Density 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point 695.9±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point 163-166ºC
Molecular Formula C12H15Cl2NO5S
Molecular Weight 356.222
Flash Point 374.7±31.5 °C
Exact Mass 355.004791
PSA 112.08000
LogP -0.27
Vapour Pressure 0.0±2.3 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction 1.583

 Toxicological Information

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :
AB6680000
CHEMICAL NAME :
Acetamide, 2,2-dichloro-N-(beta-hydroxy-alpha-(hydroxymethyl)-p- (methylsulfonyl)phene thyl)-, D-threo-(+)
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
15318-45-3
LAST UPDATED :
199806
DATA ITEMS CITED :
16
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
C12-H15-Cl2-N-O5-S
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
356.24
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
WS1&R DYQY1QMVYGG

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human
DOSE/DURATION :
214 mg/kg/10D
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - sleep Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, other (after systemic exposure)
REFERENCE :
ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag, Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951- Volume(issue)/page/year: 24,944,1974
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
>5 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
NIIRDN Drugs in Japan (Ethical Drugs). (Yakugyo Jiho Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) Volume(issue)/page/year: -,740,1995
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
>5 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,390,1969
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
339 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,390,1969
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
>7 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,390,1969
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
>5 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,390,1969
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
368 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,390,1969 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
3724 mg/kg/4W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Gastrointestinal - alteration in gastric secretion Blood - hemorrhage Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
REFERENCE :
TOLED5 Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977- Volume(issue)/page/year: 91,137,1997
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
1583 mg/kg/13W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - changes in liver weight Blood - pigmented or nucleated red blood cells Blood - changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count
REFERENCE :
TOLED5 Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977- Volume(issue)/page/year: 91,137,1997 ** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
300 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 9-14 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
REFERENCE :
OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,41,1973
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
150 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 9-14 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,41,1973
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
400 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 1-7 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Fertility - litter size (e.g. # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)
REFERENCE :
FESTAS Fertility and Sterility. (American Fertility Soc., 608 13th Ave. S, Birmingham, AL 35282) V.1- 1950- Volume(issue)/page/year: 21,431,1970
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
DOSE :
400 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 10-11 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - other effects to embryo
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968- Volume(issue)/page/year: 18,93,1978
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported
DOSE :
250 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 10-11 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
REFERENCE :
NSAPCC Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology. (Springer Verlag, Heidelberger, Pl. 3, D-1000 Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.272- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 293(Suppl),R60,1976
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
2400 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 7-12 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,41,1973
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
6 gm/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 7-12 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
REFERENCE :
OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,41,1973

 Safety Information

Personal Protective Equipment Eyeshields;Gloves;type N95 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter
Hazard Codes Xn
Safety Phrases 22-24/25
RIDADR NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany 2
RTECS AB6680000
HS Code 2941400000

 Synthetic Route

 Customs

HS Code 2924299090
Summary 2924299090. other cyclic amides (including cyclic carbamates) and their derivatives; salts thereof. VAT:17.0%. Tax rebate rate:13.0%. . MFN tariff:6.5%. General tariff:30.0%

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 Synonyms

2,2-Dichloro-N-[(1R,2R)-1,3-dihydroxy-1-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-2-propyl]acetamide
8065c.b.
thiophenicol
D-Thiocymetin
EINECS 239-355-3
MFCD00467983
thiocymetin
D-Thiophenicol
win-5063-2
Acetamide, 2,2-dichloro-N-[(1S,2S)-2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]ethyl]-
2,2-Dichloro-N-{(1S,2S)-1,3-dihydroxy-1-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-2-propanyl}acetamide
Neomyson
ThiaMphenicol
Dextrosulphenidol
THIAMPHENICHOL
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