Flumequine

Modify Date: 2024-01-02 16:46:53

Flumequine structure	Common Name	Flumequine
	CAS Number	42835-25-6	Molecular Weight	261.248
	Density	1.5±0.1 g/cm3	Boiling Point	439.7±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
	Molecular Formula	C₁₄H₁₂FNO₃	Melting Point	253-255°C
	MSDS	Chinese USA	Flash Point	219.7±28.7 °C

Use of Flumequine

Flumequine is a quinolone antibiotic, and acts as a topoisomerase II inhibitor, with an IC50 of 15 μM (3.92 μg/mL).

Name	Flumequine
Synonym	More Synonyms

Description	Flumequine is a quinolone antibiotic, and acts as a topoisomerase II inhibitor, with an IC50 of 15 μM (3.92 μg/mL).
Related Catalog	Signaling Pathways >> Anti-infection >> Bacterial Research Areas >> Infection
Target	Topoisomerase II:15 μM (IC50)
In Vitro	Flumequine is a topoisomerase II inhibitor, with an IC50 of 3.92 μg/mL, and less potently inhibits Gyrase, with an IC50 of 1764 μg/mL. Flumequine (0-625 μg/mL) increases migration of nuclear DNA from CHL cells[1]. Flumequine inhibits Spanish field isolates of B. hyodysenteriae with MIC50 and MIC90 of 50 and 100 μg/mL, and MBC50 and MBC90 of 50, 200 μg/mL, respectively[2]. Flumequine suppresses A. salmonicida isolates with MIC ranging from 0.06 to 32 μg/mL[3].
In Vivo	Flumequine (0-500 mg/kg, p.o.) causes dose-related DNA damage in the stomach, colon, and urinary bladder of mice, 1 and 3 h but not 24 h after its administration[1].
Kinase Assay	Twenty μL of reaction mixture containing 0.4 μg of kinetoplast DNA with 1 U of topoisomerase II and serial dilutions of each antibacterial agent (including Flumequine) are incubated for 5 min at 37°C in buffer containing 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5), 120 mM KCl, 10 mM MgCl2, 1 mM ATP, 0.5 mM dithiothreitol, and 30 μg/mL of bovine serum albumin. After stopping the reaction by adding sarcosyl with gel-loading buffer, catenated and decatenated kDNAs are separated by agarose gel electrophoresis. The gels are stained with ethidium bromide and photographed using UV light (302 nm) with a Gel Print 200i/VGA, and the brightness of bands is traced with an Image Analyzer. Each band is quantified and the amount of DNA treated with each concentration of quinolone is measured to determine the 50% inhibitory concentration against DNA gyrase and topoisomerase II[1].
Cell Assay	The Chinese hamster lung cell line CHL/IU is routinely maintained in monolayer culture in Dulbecco's modified MEM medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum at 37°C under a 5% CO2 atmosphere. Exponentially growing cells are treated with Flumequine dissolved in DMSO for 1 h. The dose range is chosen in order to obtain both damaged and highly damaged cells. Following Flumequine treatment, cells are embedded in GP42 agarose dissolved in saline at 1%. Cell number and cell viability are determined for each dose[1].
Animal Admin	Infant and young-adult male ddY mice at 4 and 7 weeks of age, respectively, are used after 1 week of acclimatization. Groups are treated once orally with Flumequine at <500 mg/kg. Adult mice are sacrificed at 3 and 24 h after treatment, and 8 organs, the stomach, colon, liver, kidney, urinary bladder, lung, brain, and bone marrow, are removed. Infant mice are sacrificed 3 and 24 h after treatment, and the livers are excised. In another study, the genotoxicity of Flumequine is studied in the regenerating liver of adult mice. For this purpose, male mice at 8 weeks-of-age are anesthetized with ether and 3 major lobes of the liver, left lateral lobe, left medial lobe, and right lateral lobe, are removed. Four days after the hepatectomy, mice are subjected to oral administration of Flumequine once. They are sacrificed 3 h after FL-treatment and regenerated livers are sampled. Slides for the comet assay are prepared at each set time[1].
References	[1]. Kashida Y, et al. Mechanistic study on flumequine hepatocarcinogenicity focusing on DNA damage in mice. Toxicol Sci. 2002 Oct;69(2):317-21. [2]. Aller-Morán LM, et al. Evaluation of the in vitro activity of flumequine against field isolates of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. Res Vet Sci. 2015 Dec;103:51-3. [3]. Giraud E, et al. Mechanisms of quinolone resistance and clonal relationship among Aeromonas salmonicida strains isolated from reared fish with furunculosis. J Med Microbiol. 2004 Sep;53(Pt 9):895-901.

Density	1.5±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point	439.7±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point	253-255°C
Molecular Formula	C₁₄H₁₂FNO₃
Molecular Weight	261.248
Flash Point	219.7±28.7 °C
Exact Mass	261.080109
PSA	59.30000
LogP	2.41
Vapour Pressure	0.0±1.1 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.646
Storage condition	0-6°C
Stability	Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

Flumequine MSDS(Chinese)

Personal Protective Equipment	Eyeshields;Gloves;type N95 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter
Hazard Codes	Xi
Risk Phrases	R36/37/38
Safety Phrases	S22-S24/25
RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	3
Hazard Class	6.1
HS Code	2933990090

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N/A

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Flumequine

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Precursor 5
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DownStream 0

HS Code	2933990090
Summary	2933990090. heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen hetero-atom(s) only. VAT:17.0%. Tax rebate rate:13.0%. . MFN tariff:6.5%. General tariff:20.0%

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