Inosine

Modify Date: 2024-01-02 12:15:52

Inosine Structure
Inosine structure
 Common Name Inosine
CAS Number 58-63-9 Molecular Weight 268.226
Density 2.1±0.1 g/cm3 Boiling Point 670.5±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Formula C10H12N4O5 Melting Point 222-226 °C (dec.)(lit.)
MSDS Chinese USA Flash Point 359.3±34.3 °C

 Use of Inosine


Inosine, an endogenous purine nucleoside, has immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, and analgesic properties. In vitro: Inosine has been shown to stimulate axonal growth in cell culture and promote corticospinal tract axons to sprout collateral branches after stroke, spinal cord injury and TBI in rodent models.[1] Inosine dose-dependently stimulates cAMP production mediated through the A2AR. Inosine dose-dependently induces A2AR-mediated ERK1/2 phosphorylation.[2] In vivo: The reference for Inosine is 1 or 10 mg/kg, i.p. Preventive treatment with inosine inhibits the development and progression of EAE in C57Bl/6 mice. neuroinflammation and demyelinating processes are blocked by inosine treatment. Additionally, inosine consistently inhibits IL-17 levels in peripheral lymphoid tissue, as well as IL-4 levels and A2AR up-regulation in the spinal cord, likely, through an ERK1-independent pathway. [3] inosine acting through adenosine receptors (ARs) exerts a wide range of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in vivo. [2]

 Names

Name inosine
Synonym More Synonyms

 Inosine Biological Activity

Description Inosine, an endogenous purine nucleoside, has immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, and analgesic properties. In vitro: Inosine has been shown to stimulate axonal growth in cell culture and promote corticospinal tract axons to sprout collateral branches after stroke, spinal cord injury and TBI in rodent models.[1] Inosine dose-dependently stimulates cAMP production mediated through the A2AR. Inosine dose-dependently induces A2AR-mediated ERK1/2 phosphorylation.[2] In vivo: The reference for Inosine is 1 or 10 mg/kg, i.p. Preventive treatment with inosine inhibits the development and progression of EAE in C57Bl/6 mice. neuroinflammation and demyelinating processes are blocked by inosine treatment. Additionally, inosine consistently inhibits IL-17 levels in peripheral lymphoid tissue, as well as IL-4 levels and A2AR up-regulation in the spinal cord, likely, through an ERK1-independent pathway. [3] inosine acting through adenosine receptors (ARs) exerts a wide range of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in vivo. [2]
Related Catalog
Target

Human Endogenous Metabolite

References

[1]. Moore TL et al. Inosine enhances recovery of grasp following cortical injury to the primary motor cortex of the rhesus monkey. Restor Neurol Neurosci. 2016 Aug 1.

[2]. Welihinda AA et al. The adenosine metabolite inosine is a functional agonist of the adenosine A2A receptor with a unique signaling bias. Cell Signal. 2016 Jun;28(6):552-60.

[3]. Junqueira SC et al. Inosine, an Endogenous Purine Nucleoside, Suppresses Immune Responses and Protects Mice from Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: a Role for A2A Adenosine Receptor. Mol Neurobiol. 2016 Apr 30.

 Chemical & Physical Properties

Density 2.1±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point 670.5±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point 222-226 °C (dec.)(lit.)
Molecular Formula C10H12N4O5
Molecular Weight 268.226
Flash Point 359.3±34.3 °C
Exact Mass 268.080780
PSA 133.49000
LogP -1.91
Vapour Pressure 0.0±2.2 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction 1.879
Water Solubility 2.1 g/100 mL (20 ºC)

 Toxicological Information

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :
NM7460000
CHEMICAL NAME :
Inosine
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
58-63-9
LAST UPDATED :
199806
DATA ITEMS CITED :
11
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
C10-H12-N4-O5
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
268.26
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
T56 BN DN FN HNJ IQ D- BT5OTJ CQ DQ E1Q

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
>10 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
2900 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
>2 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
>20 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
3175 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
5 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
>2800 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
558 gm/kg/93D-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Endocrine - changes in thymus weight Blood - normocytic anemia Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
DNA damage
TEST SYSTEM :
Mammal - species unspecified Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION :
60 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
PNASA6 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. (National Academy of Sciences, Printing & Pub. Office, 2101 Constitution Ave., Washington, DC 20418) V.1- 1915- Volume(issue)/page/year: 48,686,1962 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X4726 No. of Facilities: 121 (estimated) No. of Industries: 2 No. of Occupations: 2 No. of Employees: 1253 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 904 (estimated)

 Safety Information

Personal Protective Equipment Eyeshields;Gloves;type N95 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter
Hazard Codes Xi
Risk Phrases R36/37/38
Safety Phrases S24/25
RIDADR NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany 2
RTECS NM7460000
HS Code 2934999090

 Synthetic Route

 Customs

HS Code 2934999090
Summary 2934999090. other heterocyclic compounds. VAT:17.0%. Tax rebate rate:13.0%. . MFN tariff:6.5%. General tariff:20.0%

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 Synonyms

6-Oxopurine riboside
HXR
RIBOXINE
nosine
Ino
EINECS 200-390-4
9-β-δ-Ribofuranosylhypoxanthine
Hypoxanthine, 9-β-D-ribofuranosyl-
1,9-dihydro-9-b-D-ribofuranosyl-6H-Purin-6-one
9-β-D-ribofuranosyl-Hypoxanthine
9-β-D-Ribofuranosylhypoxanthine
Inosie
9-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-(hydroxyméthyl)tétrahydro-2-furanyl]-1,9-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one
INO 495
hypoxanthine
Oxiamin
9-b-D-Ribofuranosylhypoxanthine
Atorel
MFCD00066770
6H-Purin-6-one, 1,9-dihydro-9-β-D-ribofuranosyl-
9β-D-Ribofuranosylhypoxanthine
6-oxy-purine riboside
9H-Purin-6-ol, 9-β-D-ribofuranosyl-
9-β-D-ribofuranosyl-1,9-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one
9-b-D-ribofuranosyl-Hypoxanthine
Inosine
9-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2-furanyl]-1,9-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one
T56 BN DN FN HNJ IQ D- BT5OTJ CQ DQ E1Q &&β-D-Ribo Form
Inosine (8CI,9CI)
Selfer
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