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草甘膦

草甘膦用途

Glyphosate 是一种氨基酸甘氨酸的除草衍生物。Glyphosate 靶向并阻断一种在动物中没有发现的植物代谢途径,莽草酸途径,这是植物合成芳香氨基酸所必需的。

草甘膦名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
1071-83-6

[ 中文名 ]:
草甘膦

[ 英文名 ]:
Glyphosate

[中文别名 ]:

[英文别名 ]:

Roundup
N-phosphonomethylglycine acid
EINECS 213-997-4
Glycine, N-(phosphonomethyl)-
2-((Phosphonomethyl)amino)acetic acid
Glyphosate
(Carboxymethylamino)methylphosphonic acid
[(Phosphonomethyl)amino]acetic acid
Glyphodin A
MFCD00055350

草甘膦生物活性

[ 描述 ]:

Glyphosate 是一种氨基酸甘氨酸的除草衍生物。Glyphosate 靶向并阻断一种在动物中没有发现的植物代谢途径,莽草酸途径,这是植物合成芳香氨基酸所必需的。

[ 相关类别 ]:

信号通路 >> 细胞凋亡 >> 细胞凋亡

研究领域 >> 癌症

信号通路 >> 自噬 >> 自噬

[体外研究]

草甘膦是一种高效、低毒、广谱的除草剂。草甘膦除草剂残留是环境中常见的污染物。草甘膦暴露可通过产生氧化应激和早期干预小鼠卵母细胞成熟细胞凋亡。草甘膦诱导小鼠卵母细胞早期凋亡和自噬[2]。

[参考文献]

[1]. Greim H, et al. Evaluation of carcinogenic potential of the herbicide glyphosate, drawing on tumor incidence data from fourteen chronic/carcinogenicity rodent studies. Crit Rev Toxicol. 2015;45(3):185-208.

[2]. Zhang JW, et al The toxic effects and possible mechanisms of glyphosate on mouse oocytes. Chemosphere. 2019 Dec;237:124435.

草甘膦物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
1.7±0.1 g/cm3

[ 沸点 ]:
465.8±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ 熔点 ]:
230 °C (dec.)(lit.)

[ 分子式 ]:
C₃H₈NO₅P

[ 分子量 ]:
169.073

[ 闪点 ]:
235.5±31.5 °C

[ 精确质量 ]:
169.014008

[ PSA ]:
116.67000

[ LogP ]:
-2.36

[ 外观性状 ]:
白色粉末

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
0.0±2.5 mmHg at 25°C

[ 折射率 ]:
1.529

[ 储存条件 ]:
库房通风低温干燥,与食品原料分开储运

[ 水溶解性 ]:
1.2 g/100 mL

草甘膦MSDS

草甘膦毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: MC1075000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Glycine, N-(phosphonomethyl)-

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 1071-83-6

LAST UPDATED :: 199712

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 16

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C3-H8-N-O5-P

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 169.09

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: QV1M1PQQO

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :: 2143 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Vascular - BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - fibrosis (interstitial) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - fibrosing alveolitis

REFERENCE :: JTCTDW Journal of Toxicology, Clinical Toxicology. (Marcel Dekker, 270 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016) V.19- 1982- Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,91,1991

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :: 1214 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Cardiac - change in rate Vascular - BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea

REFERENCE :: HETOEA Human & Experimental Toxicology. (Macmillan Press Ltd., Brunel Road, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG21 2XS, UK) V.9- 1990- Volume(issue)/page/year: 10,103,1991

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - woman

DOSE/DURATION :: 4 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Cardiac - arrhythmias (including changes in conduction) Vascular - BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression

REFERENCE :: JTCTDW Journal of Toxicology, Clinical Toxicology. (Marcel Dekker, 270 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016) V.19- 1982- Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,91,1991

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 4873 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature increase

REFERENCE :: TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year: 45,319,1978

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: >12200 mg/m3/4H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: 85JFAN "Agrochemicals Handbook," with updates, Hartley, D., and H. Kidd, eds., Nottingham, Royal Soc. of Chemistry, 1983-86 Volume(issue)/page/year: A222,1984

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 235 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature increase

REFERENCE :: TOLED5 Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1000(Sp Iss 1),148,198

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 1568 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature increase

REFERENCE :: TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year: 45,319,1978

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 130 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature increase

REFERENCE :: TOLED5 Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1000(Sp Iss 1),148,198

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 3800 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: PESTC* Pesticide & Toxic Chemical News. (Food Chemical News, Inc., 400 Wyatt Bldg., 777 14th St., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,6,1978

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 7940 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: 85JFAN "Agrochemicals Handbook," with updates, Hartley, D., and H. Kidd, eds., Nottingham, Royal Soc. of Chemistry, 1983-86 Volume(issue)/page/year: A222,1984

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Bird - quail

DOSE/DURATION :: >4640 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: PEMNDP Pesticide Manual. (The British Crop Protection Council, 20 Bridport Rd., Thornton Heath CR4 7QG, UK) V.1- 1968- Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,459,1991 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 153 gm/kg/13W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - changes in liver weight Blood - changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - transaminases

REFERENCE :: NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NIH-92-3135

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 22500 mg/kg/90D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - food intake (animal) Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea

REFERENCE :: HCKHDV Huanjing Kexue. Environmental Sciences. (China International Book Trading Corp., POB 2820, Beijing, Peop. Rep. China) 1976- Adopted vol. no. with Vol. 1, 1980. Volume(issue)/page/year: 5(2),52,1984

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 435 gm/kg/13W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of salivary glands Liver - changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight

REFERENCE :: NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NIH-92-3135

草甘膦安全信息

[ 符号 ]:

GHS05, GHS09

[ 信号词 ]:
Danger

[ 危害声明 ]:
H318-H411

[ 警示性声明 ]:
P273-P280-P305 + P351 + P338 + P310-P391-P501

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
dust mask type N95 (US);Eyeshields;Gloves

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
Xi:Irritant

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R41;R51/53

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S26-S39-S61-S2

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 3077 9/PG 3

[ WGK德国 ]:
2

[ RTECS号 ]:
MC1075000

[ 海关编码 ]:
2931900041

草甘膦合成路线

草甘膦上下游产品

草甘膦上游产品

草甘膦下游产品

草甘膦制备

亚磷酸二烷基酯法
以甘氨酸、亚磷酸二烷基酯、多聚甲醛为原料经加成、缩合、水解制得，产品纯度95%，总收率80%，成本较低。
氯甲基膦酸法
氯甲基膦酸的制备三氯化磷和多聚甲醛在200～250℃（相应压力2.5～3.0MPa)反应3～5h，得氯甲基膦酰二氯。文献报道配比为三氯化磷：聚甲醛为（1.2～1.5):1 (mol)。在没有催化剂条件下收率67%，以Lewis酸作催化剂收率可提高到80%～89%。国内研究尚未达到文献水平。
水解可得氯甲基膦酸。
Cl2P(O)CH2Cl+H2O→（HO）2P（O）CH2Cl+HCl
草甘膦的合成等摩尔的氯甲基膦酸和甘氨酸，在氢氧化钠水溶液中（pH>10），回流反应10～20h，然后用盐酸酸化得草甘膦。
如酸化至pH值4，即为一钠盐；pH值8.5为二钠盐。若将草甘膦溶液加等摩尔二甲胺，即成草甘膦二甲胺盐的溶液。
亚氨基二乙酸法
亚氨基二乙酸的制备将氯乙酸在氢氧化钙存在下，与氨水反应，经酸化，再用氢氧化钠中和制得，收率85%。
或以氢氰酸为原料，与甲醛和氨反应制得，收率90%。
双甘膦的制备将亚氨基二乙酸与甲醛、亚磷酸在硫酸存在下加热反应制得双甘膦，收率90%。
草甘膦的合成将双甘膦与水混合，与过量的过氧化氢在等摩尔硫酸存在下，加热反应制得草甘磷，收率在90%～95%。
双甘磷氧化方法很多，除了用过氧化氢外，还可用浓硫酸、贵金属（钯、铑等）氧化物，也可用活性碳空气氧化或电解等方法。例如，将10份双甘膦、170份水及0.6份5%钯-活性炭催化剂置于高压釜中，通氧至2.07×10⁵Pa，于90～100℃反应制得。收率96%，纯度97%。

以甘氨酸、亚磷酸二烷基酯、多聚甲醛为原料经缩合、水解制得。或者先由三氯化磷和多聚甲醛制备氯甲基膦酰二氯，经水解得氯甲基膦酸，然后将其与甘氨酸，在氢氧化钠水溶液中回流反应，用盐酸酸化得草甘磷。一般加工为胺盐水剂。

甲苯经催化制得氯甲苯，再在光催化下通氯，制得对氯三氯化苄，然后与氟化氢作用，制得对氯三氟甲苯，经硝化成4-三氟甲基2,4-二硝基氯苯。另由乙烯经羰基合成得丙醛，还原得丙醇，再与氨作用制得二丙胺。上面得到的4-三氟甲基-2,4-二硝基氯苯与二丙胺于100℃反应２ｈ，经后处理得氟乐灵。

草甘膦海关

[ 海关编码 ]: 2931900041

[ 中文概述 ]:
2931900041 草甘膦。监管条件:S(进出口农药登记证明)。增值税率:17.0%。退税率:0.0%。最低关税:6.5%。普通关税:30.0%

[ Summary ]:
2931900041 2-((phosphonomethyl)amino)acetic acid。supervision conditions:s(import or export registration certificate for pesticides)。VAT:17.0%。tax rebate rate:0.0%。MFN tarrif:6.5%。general tariff:30.0%

草甘膦文献

The herbicide glyphosate causes behavioral changes and alterations in dopaminergic markers in male Sprague-Dawley rat.

Neurotoxicology 46 , 79-91, (2015)

Glyphosate (Glyph) is the active ingredient of several herbicide formulations. Reports of Glyph exposure in humans and animal models suggest that it may be neurotoxic. To evaluate the effects of Glyph...

Development of a multi-residue method in a fetal matrix: analysis of meconium.

Anal. Bioanal. Chem 406(30) , 7785-97, (2014)

Meconium is the earliest stool of newborns. It is a complex matrix that reflects the degree of fetal exposure to environmental pollutants. To investigate exposure to xenobiotics, an analytical method ...

Development of liquid chromatography methods coupled to mass spectrometry for the analysis of substances with a wide variety of polarity in meconium.

Talanta 138 , 231-9, (2015)

Meconium is the first fecal excretion of newborns. This complex accumulative matrix allows assessing the exposure of the fetus to xenobiotics during the last 6 months of pregnancy. To determine the ev...

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草甘膦