洛莫司汀

Lomustine 是一种 DNA 烷化剂 (DNA alkylator),具有抗肿瘤活性。

信号通路 >> 自噬 >> 自噬

信号通路 >> 细胞周期/DNA损伤 >> DNA烷基化剂/交联剂

研究领域 >> 癌症

DNA Alkylator[1]

洛莫司汀是一种DNA烷化剂。洛莫司汀(CCNU,0-250μM)对表达肿瘤来源的突变体IDH1的U87-MG细胞具有细胞毒性,对野生型IDH1的表达几乎没有影响。洛莫司汀和丙卡巴肼或长春新碱的组合对表达突变型或野生型IDH1的细胞的杀伤没有累加效应。此外,过量表达ALKBH2或ALKBH3可部分减少暴露于洛莫司汀的死亡HT1080细胞[1]。 Lomustine抑制U87-MG生长,ED50为68.1μM。洛莫司汀(30,40μM)与二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)组合,可以抑制另外2种人源胶质母细胞瘤细胞系,并诱导U87-MG凋亡和坏死。洛莫司汀(30μM)导致G2/M停滞[2]。洛莫司汀降低F98大鼠原位胶质瘤细胞和Tu-2449小鼠胶质瘤细胞系的活力,IC50分别为20.8μM和18.6μM[3]。

洛莫司汀(30mg/kg)与Toca 511 + 5-FC组合可延长携带F98肿瘤细胞的大鼠的存活。 Lomustine(30 mg/kg)联合Toca-511 + 5-FC在携带Tu-2449胶质瘤细胞的B6C3F1小鼠中也具有抗肿瘤活性[3]。

简而言之，寡核苷酸底物（5'-FAM-TAGACATTGCCATTCTCGATAGGXTCCGGTCAAATCTAGACGAATTCCG，X = 1-MedA）用于测定。在50mM Hepes K（pH 8.0），50μM（NH 4）2 Fe（SO 4）2,50μMα-KG，2mM抗坏血酸，10μM寡聚底物，3μM酶，50μg/ mL中测定ALKBH2和ALKBH3。 BSA和10mM MgCl 2。反应在37℃下进行，并通过在95℃加热至少5分钟来终止反应。将寡核苷酸底物退火至反向互补寡核苷酸，并进行广泛的DpnII消化。将消化的DNA在15％TBE-Urea-PAGE凝胶上分离，并使用Typhoon Scanner进行成像[1]。

最初，将细胞（5000个细胞/孔）在96孔平底板中在完全培养基中培养过夜以建立线性生长速率。用补充有2％FBS和不同处理（100μL总体积/孔）的新培养基替换用过的培养基。补充乙醇的细胞（<0.5％）用作载体对照。在用WST-1测定试剂评估细胞生长之前，将细胞在潮湿气氛中在37℃，5％CO 2中维持24小时。单独的培养基与WST-1测定试剂组合建立非特异性值，其从实验光密度（OD）读数（450nm处的OD）中减去。载体对照OD读数用作标准化至100％的标准增殖潜力。通过将平均OD治疗读数除以平均OD载体读数并乘以100来计算增殖指数[2]。

小鼠[3]在研究期间，B6C3F1小鼠组仅接受PBS或5-FC作为对照（每组n = 8）。一组小鼠（洛莫司汀第1天+ PBS）在第1天接受一剂洛莫司汀（30mg / kg）和总共六个周期的PBS（800μL/天，BID，每10天连续4天）。其余小鼠连续4天接受5-FC（500 mg / kg /剂量，IP，BID），在第1天加入洛莫司汀（洛莫司汀第1天+ 5-FC）或第43天（洛莫司汀第43天+5天） FC）。将5-FC或PBS停止4天，10天的循环重复总共6次。每次实验在最后的5-FC处理结束时终止。收集所有组织并保存用于组织病理学。将接受洛莫司汀的组中的毒性与单独接受PBS或5-FC或在指定时间点与5-FC组合的组进行比较[3]。大鼠[3]大鼠组在研究期间仅接受PBS或5-FC作为对照（每组n = 8）。一组大鼠（洛莫司汀第1天+ PBS）在第1天接受一剂洛莫司汀（30mg / kg）和总共6个循环的PBS（8mL /天，BID）。其余大鼠连续5天接受5-FC（500mg / kg /剂量，IP，BID），然后在第1天（洛莫司汀第1天+ 5-FC）或第22天接受药物停药2天，加用洛莫司汀（Lomustine Day 22 + 5-FC）。 5天开放，5天FC或PBS关闭2天的循环共重复6次[3]。

[1]. Wang P, et al. Oncometabolite D-2-Hydroxyglutarate Inhibits ALKBH DNA Repair Enzymes and Sensitizes IDH Mutant Cells to Alkylating Agents. Cell Rep. 2015 Dec 22;13(11):2353-2361.

[2]. Harvey KA, et al. Enhanced anticancer properties of lomustine in conjunction with docosahexaenoic acid in glioblastoma cell lines. J Neurosurg. 2015 Mar;122(3):547-56.

[3]. Yagiz K, et al. Toca 511 plus 5-fluorocytosine in combination with lomustine shows chemotoxic and immunotherapeutic activity with no additive toxicity in rodent glioblastoma models. Neuro Oncol. 2016 Oct;18(10):1390-401.

卡利奇霉素 | 卡莫司汀 | RITA | SJG-136 | 福莫司汀 | 盐酸甲基苄肼 | 塞替派 | 1,2:5,6-二脱水半乳糖醇 | 米铂 | 2,4,6-三(二甲氨基)均三嗪 | 曲奥舒凡 | 乌拉莫司汀 | 赛特铂

MOLECULAR FORMULA :

C9-H16-Cl-N3-O2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

233.73

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :

L6TJ AMVNNO&2G

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human

DOSE/DURATION :

30 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - anorexia (human) Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human

DOSE/DURATION :

3 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting Blood - leukopenia Blood - thrombocytopenia

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

70 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea Liver - jaundice, other or unclassified Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - urine volume increased

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

50350 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

38 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea Liver - jaundice, other or unclassified Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - urine volume increased

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

53 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea Liver - jaundice, other or unclassified Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - urine volume increased

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

54 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea Liver - jaundice, other or unclassified Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - urine volume increased

TYPE OF TEST :

LD10 - Lethal Dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

40 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - active as anti-cancer agent

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

30 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

10 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

5 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

35 mg/kg/14D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Blood - leukopenia Blood - changes in bone marrow (not otherwise specified) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Primate - monkey

DOSE/DURATION :

140 mg/kg/14D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Liver - fatty liver degeneration Blood - normocytic anemia Blood - changes in bone marrow (not otherwise specified)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

50 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

60 mg/kg/7W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors Skin and Appendages - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

64 mg/kg/60W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

276 mg/kg/23W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages - hair Skin and Appendages - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

98 mg/kg/26W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Blood - leukemia Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease

TYPE OF TEST :

TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

127 mg/kg/60W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors Gastrointestinal - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :

TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

178 mg/kg/42W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

DOSE :

16 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 6-9 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - eye/ear

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

DOSE :

16 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 6-9 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - body wall Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - cardiovascular (circulatory) system Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - urogenital system

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

DOSE :

22500 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :

male 9 week(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Fertility - litter size (e.g. # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

DOSE :

8 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 9-12 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

DOSE :

9 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

male 1 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

DOSE :

39 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 6-18 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - sex ratio Reproductive - Fertility - abortion

TYPE OF TEST :

DNA inhibition

TYPE OF TEST :

DNA adduct

TYPE OF TEST :

DNA damage

TYPE OF TEST :

DNA damage

TYPE OF TEST :

DNA inhibition

TYPE OF TEST :

Sperm Morphology

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

DNA damage

TEST SYSTEM :

Mammal - species unspecified Lymphocyte

DOSE/DURATION :

10 mmol/L

REFERENCE :

CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year: 44,1887,1984 *** REVIEWS *** IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 26,137,1981 IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 26,137,1981 IARC Cancer Review:Group 2A IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,150,1987 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X4755 No. of Facilities: 103 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 3 No. of Employees: 2457 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 1069 (estimated)