铋

铋用途

1.主要用于制备化合物半导体材料、热电制冷材料、焊料以及核反应堆中的液态冷却载体等。
2.用于半导体高纯材料、高纯铋化合物的制备。用作原子反应堆的冷却剂。
3.主要用于医药、低熔点合金、保险丝、玻璃和陶瓷，也是生产橡胶的催化剂。铋的化合物在医药上的应用具有良好的前景，能抑制癌细胞的生长与繁殖，可用于癌症的放射性治疗，铋化合物还具有止泻、防腐作用。用作阻燃剂，氧化铋配置的铋系阻燃剂与锑系阻燃剂相比，安全无毒。用作促进白口铁孕育剂，只须添加微量铋，就可显著改善锻铸铁的化学成分和锻造性能，提高机械性能。易切削不锈钢中加入铋，可代替有毒的铅和硫，同时改善了钢的切削性能。铋与铅、锡、镉、铟等金属组成二元素系或多元素系合金，用于电气、蒸汽、消防、火灾报警装置的保险材料和热敏元件，铋与铅、锡、碲组成的印刷合金、精密铸型合金、焊料等合金性能优良，铋合金制的冷冲压模具成型快，强度接近钢模，已用于汽车行业。此外，铋还可用于充电电池、微型锂电池、半导体制冷器、核辐射探测器、X射线扫描仪、电光、压电、激光等方面。高纯铋在核工业中用于反应堆中的冷却剂或载热体及原子裂变装置防护材料。
4.用于制备化合物半导体材料、电子制冷元件和反应堆液态冷却载体等。
5.主要用于医药、低熔点合金、保险丝、玻璃和陶瓷，也用作生产橡胶的催化剂。

铋名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
7440-69-9

[ 中文名 ]:
铋

[ 英文名 ]:
Bismuth

[中文别名 ]:

铋粉

[英文别名 ]:

UNII-U015TT5I8H
Bismuth
EINECS 231-177-4
MFCD00134033

铋物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
9.8 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)

[ 沸点 ]:
1560 °C(lit.)

[ 熔点 ]:
271 °C(lit.)

[ 分子式 ]:
Bi

[ 分子量 ]:
208.98000

[ 精确质量 ]:
208.98000

[ 外观性状 ]:
银色-灰色或微红的金属,或黑色粉末

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
<0.1 mm Hg ( 20 °C)

[ 储存条件 ]:
库房通风低温干燥,与食品原料酸,铝,卤素等分开存放

[ 稳定性 ]:
Stable. Incompatible with strong acids, strong oxidizing agents, nitrosyl fluoride, fused ammonium nitrate, interhalogen compounds, chlorine. Finely-divided powder is highly flammable.

[ 水溶解性 ]:
insoluble

铋MSDS

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

铋毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: EB2600000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Bismuth

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 7440-69-9

LAST UPDATED :: 199712

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 11

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: Bi

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 208.98

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :: 221 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: 85DCAI "Poisoning; Toxicology, Symptoms, Treatments," 2nd ed., Arena, J.M., Springfield, IL, C.C. Thomas, 1970 Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,73,1970

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 5 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI Volume(issue)/page/year: 30(6),16,1986

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 10 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI Volume(issue)/page/year: 30(6),16,1986

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 535 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - food intake (animal) Behavioral - coma Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - urine volume decreased

REFERENCE :: JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10- Volume(issue)/page/year: 28,121,1926 *** REVIEWS *** TOXICOLOGY REVIEW ADSYAF Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology. (Chicago, IL) V.1-62, 1920-50. For publisher information, see ARDEAC. Volume(issue)/page/year: 26,797,1932 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW PTPAD4 Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Part A: Chemotherapy, Toxicology and Metabolic Inhibitors. (Oxford, UK) V.1-2, 1976-78. For publisher information, see PHTHDT. Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,153,1976 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 0.5 mg/m3 JAN 1993 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 12783 No. of Facilities: 365 (estimated) No. of Industries: 11 No. of Occupations: 35 No. of Employees: 20336 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 12783 No. of Facilities: 451 (estimated) No. of Industries: 14 No. of Occupations: 34 No. of Employees: 14666 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 4387 (estimated)

铋安全信息

[ 符号 ]:

GHS02

[ 信号词 ]:
Danger

[ 危害声明 ]:
H228

[ 警示性声明 ]:
P210-P370 + P378

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Eyeshields;Gloves;type N95 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
F:Flammable

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R11

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S16-S45-S36/37/39-S26

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 3264 8/PG 3

[ WGK德国 ]:
1

[ RTECS号 ]:
EB2600000

[ 包装等级 ]:
III

[ 危险类别 ]:
8

[ 海关编码 ]:
8106009090

铋合成路线

详细合成路线

铋上下游产品

铋上游产品

铋下游产品

铋制备

金属铋用碳还原三氧化二铋制得，可用火法精炼和电解精炼制得高纯铋。

铋与锑一样伴生在铜、锌、金、银、镍及钴的矿石中。重要的矿石为辉铋矿Bi2S3。铋可以利用与锑几乎相同的炼制方法获得69%～95%的粗铋。粗铋的精炼有干法及湿法。

干法是：将粗铋与灼热的木炭一起在低温下熔融的熔解分离法，以及按粗铋中所含铅量加入碱式氧化锑与氢氧化钠、氯化钠、氯化钾的混合物一起熔融的助熔剂精炼法。另外，也有用氯气处理粗铋除铅及除锌的方法。这些方法，可以得到纯度99.999%以上的铋。

在湿式精炼法中，以硝酸氧化铋的沉淀法、电解法较好。用区域熔融法可以得到更高纯度的铋。

以金属铋为原料，经区域熔融法精制，制得高纯铋成品。
以天然气和石油馏分为原料，在耐火室内采取紊流扩散进行部分燃烧。

铋海关

[ 海关编码 ]: 8106009090

铋文献

Bismuth nanoparticles integration into heavy metal electrochemical stripping sensor.

Electrophoresis , doi:10.1002/elps.201400609, (2015)

Between their many applications bismuth nanoparticles (BiNPs) are showing interest as pre-concentrators in heavy metals detection while being applied as working electrode modifiers used in electrochem...

Effect of irrigation with Tetraclean on bacterial leakage of obturated root canals.

N. Y. State Dent. J. 80(3) , 39-43, (2014)

The purpose of the study presented here was to evaluate the effect of Tetraclean, Hypoclean, Chlor-XTRA, 2% chlorhexidine and 6% sodium hypochlorite/17% EDTA as a final irrigant on bacterial leakage o...

Hybrid nanoprobes of bismuth sulfide nanoparticles and CdSe/ZnS quantum dots for mouse computed tomography/fluorescence dual mode imaging.

J. Nanobiotechnology 13 , 76, (2015)

X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging can be used to reveal the three-dimensional structure of deep tissue with high spatial resolution. However, it cannot reveal molecular or cellular changes, and h...

更多文献

铋

铋用途

铋名称