乙胺

乙胺用途

【用途一】
用于生产染料、医药、表面活性剂、除草剂、橡胶硫化促进剂和离子交换树脂等
【用途二】
用于有机树脂和染料的合成
【用途三】
用于有机合成，也用作染料中间体、稳定剂和乳化剂
【用途四】
乙胺是杀菌剂霜脲氰、乙嘧酚，杀虫剂胺丙畏，除草剂莠去津、西草净、西玛津、禾草丹、敌草胺等的中间体。
【用途五】
用于生产农药三嗪类除草剂，包括莠去津和西玛津（[122-34-9]）。这两种除草剂都以三聚氯氰为原料，生产工艺也有相似之处。莠去津（又称特拉津）应用范围比西玛津广，而且能够杀伤抗西玛津的杂草，1985年由瑞士的嘉基公司开发生产，后来发展成世界产量最大的除草剂。乙胺也用于染料、橡胶促进剂、表面活性剂、抗氧剂、离子交换树脂、飞机燃料、溶剂、洗涤剂、润滑剂、冶金选矿剂，以及化妆品和医药品等的生产。
【用途六】
用于染料合成及作萃取剂、乳化剂、医药原料、试剂等

乙胺名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
75-04-7

[ 中文名 ]:
乙胺

[ 英文名 ]:
Ethylamine

[中文别名 ]:

[英文别名 ]:

Ethylamin
Ethamamine
EINECS 200-834-7
Etilamina
R631
MFCD00008160
Ethylamine
Ethyl amine
Ethanamine
monoethyl amine

乙胺物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
0.7±0.1 g/cm3

[ 沸点 ]:
14.2±3.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ 熔点 ]:
-81 °C(lit.)

[ 分子式 ]:
C₂H₇N

[ 分子量 ]:
45.084

[ 闪点 ]:
-17.2±0.0 °C

[ 精确质量 ]:
45.057850

[ PSA ]:
26.02000

[ LogP ]:
-0.13

[ 外观性状 ]:
透明液体

[ 蒸汽密度 ]:
1.56 (15 °C, vs air)

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
1132.3±0.0 mmHg at 25°C

[ 折射率 ]:
1.373

[ 储存条件 ]:
库房通风低温干燥,与氧化剂、酸类分开存放

[ 稳定性 ]:
Stable. Highly flammable. Incompatible with oxidizing agents, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, acids, many reactive organic and inorganic compounds. Reacts with or disssolves most types of paint, plastic and rubber.

[ 水溶解性 ]:
miscible

乙胺MSDS

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

乙胺毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: KH2100000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Ethanamine

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 75-04-7

LAST UPDATED :: 199712

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 41

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C2-H7-N

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 45.10

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: Z2

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

REFERENCE :: 85JCAE "Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J., Prague, Czechoslovakia, Avicenum, 1986 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,429,1986

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

REFERENCE :: UCDS** Union Carbide Data Sheet. (Union Carbide Corp., 39 Old Ridgebury Rd., Danbury, CT 06817) Volume(issue)/page/year: 4/25/1958

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

REFERENCE :: AMIHBC AMA Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine. (Chicago, IL) V.2-10, 1950-54. For publisher information, see AEHLAU. Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,287,1951

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

REFERENCE :: 85JCAE "Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J., Prague, Czechoslovakia, Avicenum, 1986 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,429,1986 ** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 400 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: AMIHBC AMA Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine. (Chicago, IL) V.2-10, 1950-54. For publisher information, see AEHLAU. Volume(issue)/page/year: 10,61,1954

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 5540 ppm/1H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - corneal damage Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

REFERENCE :: NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. Volume(issue)/page/year: OTS0538173

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 390 uL/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: AMIHBC AMA Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine. (Chicago, IL) V.2-10, 1950-54. For publisher information, see AEHLAU. Volume(issue)/page/year: 10,61,1954

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 350 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: HBAMAK "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." (Leipzig, Ger. Dem. Rep.) Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,1295,1935

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - species unspecified

DOSE/DURATION :: 2300 mg/m3

REFERENCE :: TPKVAL Toksikologiya Novykh Promyshlennykh Khimicheskikh Veshchestv. Toxicology of New Industrial Chemical Substances. For English translation, see TNICS*. (Izdatel'stvo Meditsina, Moscow, USSR) No.1- 1961- Volume(issue)/page/year: 14,80,1975 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-STEL 27.6 mg/m3 (15 ppm) (skin) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 9.2 mg/m3 (5 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW CHREAY Chemical Reviews. (American Chemical Soc., Distribution Office Dept. 223, POB 57136, West End Stn., Washington, DC 20037) V.1- 1924- Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,389,1931 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 10 ppm (18 mg/m3) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,103,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 10 ppm (18 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 10 ppm (18 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 10 ppm (18 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 10 ppm (18 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 10 ppm (18 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 10 ppm (18 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 10 ppm (18 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 10 ppm (18 mg/m3);STEL 20 ppm (37 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 10 ppm (18 mg/m3);STEL 15 ppm (27 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 10 ppm (18 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-JAPAN:TWA 10 ppm (18 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 10 ppm (18 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 10 ppm (18 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-POLAND:TWA 3 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:TWA 10 ppm JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 10 ppm (18 mg/m3);STEL 15 ppm (30 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 10 ppm (18 mg/m3);STEL 20 ppm (36 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 10 ppm (18 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 10 ppm (18 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO ETHYLAMINE-air:10H TWA 10 ppm REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 31520 No. of Facilities: 205 (estimated) No. of Industries: 9 No. of Occupations: 11 No. of Employees: 4982 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 31520 No. of Facilities: 31 (estimated) No. of Industries: 2 No. of Occupations: 2 No. of Employees: 1797 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 357 (estimated)

乙胺安全信息

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
Xi:Irritant

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R12;R36/37

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S26-S29-S16-S45-S36/37-S7

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 2733 3/PG 1

[ WGK德国 ]:
1

[ RTECS号 ]:
KH2100000

[ 包装等级 ]:
II

[ 危险类别 ]:
3

[ 海关编码 ]:
2921193000

乙胺合成路线

详细合成路线

乙胺上下游产品

乙胺上游产品

乙胺下游产品

乙胺制备

1.乙醇（气相）氨化法将乙醇与氨以4：1配比投料，在反应温度350-400℃，压力为2.45-2.94MPa，以氧化铝作脱水催化剂。除生成乙胺以外，副反应生成二乙胺、三乙胺以及乙醚、乙腈和乙烯。将反应气体冷凝得到的粗产品经蒸氨后，蒸出乙胺，含量在95%以上。一般以50%水溶液作为商品，每吨50%水溶液消耗乙醇（95%）约1400kg。

2.乙醛、氢氨化法以乙醛、氢气和氨为原料，镍为催化剂进行反应可制得乙胺。首先将以镍为主催化剂，还原铜、还原铬为助催化剂和高岭土为载体的结构催化剂装入反应器，以空速0.03-0.15L·h-1通入乙醛并使氢气与乙醛的配比为5：1、氨与乙醛的配比为0.4-3：1。将原料气化并在80℃下进入反应器。反应温度控制在105-200℃之间。生成物于-5℃下进行冷却，经分离得一、二、三乙胺。由于一乙胺形成速度比二、三乙胺快，所以较容易得到大量的乙胺。当要求主产品为二、三乙胺时，则需将生成的一乙胺再循环到反应系统中进行反应。

精制方法：乙胺中常含有二乙胺、三乙胺等胺类以及合成原料乙醛等杂质。在氮气流下分馏精制，再用固体氢氧化钾脱水、脱碳酸后用芴酮钠干燥备用。若精制乙胺盐酸盐，可用无水乙醇或甲醇与氯仿的混合液重结晶，熔点109~110℃。

乙胺海关

[ 海关编码 ]: 2921193000

[ 中文概述 ]:
2921193000 N,N-二(2-氯乙基)乙胺。监管条件:3(两用物项和技术出口许可证)2(两用物项和技术出口许可证,两用物项和技术进口许可证)。增值税率:17.0%。退税率:9.0%。最低关税:6.5%。普通关税:30.0%

[ 申报要素 ]: 品名, 成分含量, 用途

[ 监管条件 ]: 3.两用物项和技术出口许可证 2.两用物项和技术进口许可证

[ Summary ]:
2921193000 2-chloro-n-(2-chloroethyl)-n-ethylethanamine。supervision conditions:3(export license for dual-use item and technologies)2(export license for dual-use item and technologies,import license for dual-use item and technologies)。VAT:17.0%。tax rebate rate:9.0%。MFN tarrif:6.5%。general tariff:30.0%

乙胺