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637-07-0

637-07-0 structure
637-07-0 structure
  • Name: clofibrate
  • Chemical Name: clofibrate
  • CAS Number: 637-07-0
  • Molecular Formula: C12H15ClO3
  • Molecular Weight: 242.699
  • Catalog: API Circulatory system medication Regulating blood lipids
  • Create Date: 2018-06-23 09:37:38
  • Modify Date: 2024-01-03 05:46:37
  • Clofibrate is an agonist of PPAR, with EC50s of 50 μM, ∼500 μM for murine PPARα and PPARγ, and 55 μM, ∼500 μM for human PPARα and PPARγ, respectively.
Name clofibrate
Synonyms ethyl 2-[(4-chlorophenyl)oxy]-2-methylpropanoate
MFCD00000615
Ethyl α-(p-chlorophenoxy)isobutyrate
Ethyl p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate
Ethyl α-(4-chlorophenoxy)isobutyrate
Clofipront
Clofibric Acid, Ethyl Ester
2-(p-chlorophenoxy)isobutyric acid ethyl ester
Ethyl α-(4-chlorophenoxy)-α-methylpropionate
clofibrate
Atromid
Anparton
Clofibrato
Chlorfenisate
Ethyl 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropanoate
Ethyl α-(p-chlorophenoxy)-α-methylpropionate
Sklerolip
Arterioflexin
Antilipid
Fibralem
ethyl p-chlorophenoxy-isobutyrate
Angiokapsul
Regelan N
EINECS 211-277-4
Isobutyric acid, α-(p-chlorophenoxy)-, ethyl ester
Ethyl 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)isobutyrate
clofibric acid
Ethyl 2-(p-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropionate
Atromid-S
Propanoic acid, 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methyl-, ethyl ester
Regelan
Clofibratum
Ethyl 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropionate
Description Clofibrate is an agonist of PPAR, with EC50s of 50 μM, ∼500 μM for murine PPARα and PPARγ, and 55 μM, ∼500 μM for human PPARα and PPARγ, respectively.
Related Catalog
Target

PPARα:50 μM (EC50)

PPARγ:500 μM (EC50)

In Vitro Clofibrate is a PPAR agonist, with E50s of 50 μM, ∼500 μM for murine PPARα and PPARγ, and 55 μM, ∼500 μM for human PPARα and PPARγ, respectively[1]. Clofibrate (0.5, 1, 2 mM) increases FABP1 expression in two fatty acid (FA)-treated rat hepatoma cells. Clofibrate lowers ROS levels after early treatment, much more than late treatment in FA-treated cells[2].
In Vivo Clofibrate (0.5%) up-regulates serum concentrations and hepatic expression of FGF21 in fetuses, with a return to basal levels after Clofibrate administration withdrawal. Clofibrate administration-offspring have significantly higher expression of thermogenic genes (Ucp1, Cidea, Ppara Ppargc1a, Cpt1b) and UCP1 protein levels in response to HFD in inguinal fat, but not in retroperitoneal (combined with perirenal) or epididymal fat[3].
Cell Assay Cells are seeded at a density of 2.5 × 104 cells/well (for WST-1, intracellular lipid droplet quantification and dichlorofluorescein (DCF) assay, 96-well plates) and 1 × 105 cells/well (for Nile Red Staining, 12-well plates) in MEM/EBSS medium and incubated overnight for adherence. The next day cell culture medium is replaced with freshly prepared medium containing the fatty acid mixture oleate:palmitate (2:1) in presence of 3% fatty-acid-free bovine serum albumin. Cells are treated with 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 mM fatty acid (FA) mixture for 24 and 48 hr at 37°C in a humidified incubator in an atmosphere of 95% air and 5% CO2. Clofibrate is used to increase levels of FABP1 in treated cell cultures. Clofibrate (500 μM) is dissolved in DMSOand later added to the medium (DMSO < 0.1% v/v in final volume). Control cells are incubated with DMSO alone. Four different cell treatments includ 1-day FA treatment, 2-day FA treatment, early clofibrate intervention and late clofibrate intervention[1].
Animal Admin Female and male C57BL/6JNarl mice are used for breeding. Females with parity from 1 to 5 are used. Pregnant females are fed either a control (C) or experimental (CF) diet from breeding to parturition. The C diet is based on an AIN-93M diet with a slight modification to contain 21 kcal% fat from soybean oil, whereas the CF diet is the C diet with addition of 0.5% clofibrate. Pregnancy is dated by the presence of a vaginal plug (defined as pregnancy day 1). After spontaneous parturition (pregnancy day 19.5 ± 0.5), all littermates are uniformly nursed by dams fed the C diet for 3 wk, with litter sizes adjusted to 8-10, weaned onto a nonpurified standard diet for 4 wk, and then switched to a HFD (51 kcal% fat, butter-based) for 5 wk. In this study, only male offspring are used and 2 groups of offspring are designated, according to their mother's diet (C or CF). All mice are kept in a room maintained at 23 ± 2°C, with a controlled 12-h-light:-dark cycle with ad libitum to feed and drinking water. Body weight and feed intake are recorded weekly[3].
References

[1]. Willson TM, et al. The PPARs: from orphan receptors to drug discovery. J Med Chem. 2000 Feb 24;43(4):527-50.

[2]. Chen Y, et al. Clofibrate Attenuates ROS Production by Lipid Overload in Cultured Rat Hepatoma Cells. J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2017;20(0):239-251.

[3]. Chen SH, et al. Prenatal PPARα activation by clofibrate increases subcutaneous fat browning in male C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet during adulthood. PLoS One. 2017 Nov 2;12(11):e0187507.
Density 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point 274.8±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Formula C12H15ClO3
Molecular Weight 242.699
Flash Point 115.1±19.9 °C
Exact Mass 242.070969
PSA 35.53000
LogP 3.32
Vapour Pressure 0.0±0.5 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction 1.505

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :
UE9480000
CHEMICAL NAME :
Propionic acid, 2-(p-chlorophenoxy)-2-methyl-, ethyl ester
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
637-07-0
BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :
1913459
LAST UPDATED :
199706
DATA ITEMS CITED :
51
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
C12-H15-Cl-O3
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
242.72
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
GR DOX1&1&VO2

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
4232 mg/kg/57W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - muscle weakness Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity Musculoskeletal - other changes
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
1071 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - tremor
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION :
80 mg/kg/2D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature increase
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
171 mg/kg/6D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - muscle weakness Musculoskeletal - other changes
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
940 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - ataxia Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
910 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
1220 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
540 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
>500 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
1500 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
1370 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
1280 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - hamster
DOSE/DURATION :
2400 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - hamster
DOSE/DURATION :
1260 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - species unspecified
DOSE/DURATION :
3 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
7 gm/kg/14D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - changes in liver weight Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - other transferases
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
3750 mg/kg/30D-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - other changes Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - transaminases
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
14 gm/kg/4W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - changes in liver weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - phosphatases
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
14700 mg/kg/7W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - catalases
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
1698 mg/kg/6D-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - lipids including transport
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - hamster
DOSE/DURATION :
7 gm/kg/14D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - other changes Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - other transferases
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
100 gm/kg/72W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal - tumors Liver - tumors
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
1050 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 16-22 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
14 gm/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 2 week(s) pre-mating - 3 week(s) post-birth
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - biochemical and metabolic
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
5 gm/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 6-15 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
3960 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
male 22 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Paternal Effects - prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
DOSE :
960 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 17 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - biochemical and metabolic
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Parenteral
DOSE :
1440 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 14-17 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - other effects to embryo
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
1300 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 6-18 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
TYPE OF TEST :
DNA damage
TYPE OF TEST :
Unscheduled DNA synthesis
TYPE OF TEST :
Unscheduled DNA synthesis
TYPE OF TEST :
Unscheduled DNA synthesis
TYPE OF TEST :
Cytogenetic analysis

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
Sister chromatid exchange
TEST SYSTEM :
Rodent - hamster Ovary
DOSE/DURATION :
100 umol/L/1H
REFERENCE :
CRNGDP Carcinogenesis (London). (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House, Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 1980- Volume(issue)/page/year: 5,703,1984 *** REVIEWS *** IARC Cancer Review:Animal Limited Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 24,39,1980 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Limited Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 66,391,1996 IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 24,39,1980 IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 66,391,1996 IARC Cancer Review:Group 3 IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 66,391,1996 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - T0426 No. of Facilities: 28 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 5 No. of Employees: 4648 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - T0426 No. of Facilities: 33 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 1 No. of Employees: 323 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 176 (estimated)
Symbol GHS05 GHS07
GHS05, GHS07
Signal Word Danger
Hazard Statements H302-H315-H318-H335
Precautionary Statements P261-P280-P305 + P351 + P338
Personal Protective Equipment Eyeshields;Faceshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US);type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter
Hazard Codes Xn:Harmful;
Risk Phrases R22;R40
Safety Phrases S26-S36/37/39-S61-S45-S36/37
RIDADR UN 3082 9/PG 3
WGK Germany 3
RTECS UE9480000
HS Code 2918990090
HS Code 2918990090
Summary 2918990090. other carboxylic acids with additional oxygen function and their anhydrides, halides, peroxides and peroxyacids; their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives. VAT:17.0%. Tax rebate rate:13.0%. . MFN tariff:6.5%. General tariff:30.0%

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