Procaine

Modify Date: 2024-01-02 18:37:32

Procaine structure	Common Name	Procaine
	CAS Number	59-46-1	Molecular Weight	236.310
	Density	1.1±0.1 g/cm3	Boiling Point	373.6±22.0 °C at 760 mmHg
	Molecular Formula	C₁₃H₂₀N₂O₂	Melting Point	61ºC
	MSDS	N/A	Flash Point	179.8±22.3 °C

Use of Procaine

Procaine is a local anesthetic drug of the amino ester group, which acts through multiple targets.Target: OthersProcaine is a local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action.Procaine (0.01-100 microM) inhibited the 5-HT3 receptor-mediated inward current in the whole-cell patch clamp recording. Procaine appears to produce a competitive inhibition on 5-HT3 receptors with a KD of 1.7 microM [1]. Procaine is a DNA-demethylating agent that produces a 40% reduction in 5-methylcytosine DNA content as determined by high-performance capillary electrophoresis or total DNA enzyme digestion. Procaine can also demethylate densely hypermethylated CpG islands. Procaine also has growth-inhibitory effects in these cancer cells, causing mitotic arrest [2]. Procaine functions as an excitant of limbic system cells, and that procaine alters synaptic transmission in some, but not all, output pathways from the amygdale [3].

Name	procaine
Synonym	More Synonyms

Description	Procaine is a local anesthetic drug of the amino ester group, which acts through multiple targets.Target: OthersProcaine is a local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action.Procaine (0.01-100 microM) inhibited the 5-HT3 receptor-mediated inward current in the whole-cell patch clamp recording. Procaine appears to produce a competitive inhibition on 5-HT3 receptors with a KD of 1.7 microM [1]. Procaine is a DNA-demethylating agent that produces a 40% reduction in 5-methylcytosine DNA content as determined by high-performance capillary electrophoresis or total DNA enzyme digestion. Procaine can also demethylate densely hypermethylated CpG islands. Procaine also has growth-inhibitory effects in these cancer cells, causing mitotic arrest [2]. Procaine functions as an excitant of limbic system cells, and that procaine alters synaptic transmission in some, but not all, output pathways from the amygdale [3].
Related Catalog	Signaling Pathways >> Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel >> GABA Receptor Signaling Pathways >> Neuronal Signaling >> GABA Receptor Research Areas >> Neurological Disease
References	[1]. Fan, P. and F.F. Weight, Procaine impairs the function of 5-HT3 receptor-ion channel complex in rat sensory ganglion neurons. Neuropharmacology, 1994. 33(12): p. 1573-9. [2]. Villar-Garea, A., et al., Procaine is a DNA-demethylating agent with growth-inhibitory effects in human cancer cells. Cancer Res, 2003. 63(16): p. 4984-9. [3]. Adamec, R.E. and C. Stark-Adamec, The effects of procaine HCl on population cellular and evoked response activity within the limbic system of the cat. Evidence for differential excitatory action of procaine in a variety of limbic circuits. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry, 1987. 11(4): p. 345-64.

Description

Related Catalog

Signaling Pathways >> Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel >> GABA Receptor

Signaling Pathways >> Neuronal Signaling >> GABA Receptor

Research Areas >> Neurological Disease

References

[1]. Fan, P. and F.F. Weight, Procaine impairs the function of 5-HT3 receptor-ion channel complex in rat sensory ganglion neurons. Neuropharmacology, 1994. 33(12): p. 1573-9.

[2]. Villar-Garea, A., et al., Procaine is a DNA-demethylating agent with growth-inhibitory effects in human cancer cells. Cancer Res, 2003. 63(16): p. 4984-9.

[3]. Adamec, R.E. and C. Stark-Adamec, The effects of procaine HCl on population cellular and evoked response activity within the limbic system of the cat. Evidence for differential excitatory action of procaine in a variety of limbic circuits. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry, 1987. 11(4): p. 345-64.

Density	1.1±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point	373.6±22.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point	61ºC
Molecular Formula	C₁₃H₂₀N₂O₂
Molecular Weight	236.310
Flash Point	179.8±22.3 °C
Exact Mass	236.152481
PSA	55.56000
LogP	2.36
Vapour Pressure	0.0±0.8 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.543

Procaine MSDS(Chinese)

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: DG2100000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Benzoic acid, p-amino-, 2-(diethylamino)ethyl ester

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 59-46-1

BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :: 0913480

LAST UPDATED :: 199707

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 25

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C13-H20-N2-O2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 236.35

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: ZR DVO2N2&2

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :: 147 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: 85DCAI "Poisoning; Toxicology, Symptoms, Treatments," 2nd ed., Arena, J.M., Springfield, IL, C.C. Thomas, 1970 Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,73,1970

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intramuscular

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - woman

DOSE/DURATION :: 1600 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - ataxia Behavioral - stiffness Behavioral - rigidity (including catalepsy)

REFERENCE :: JNNPAU Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry. (British Medical Journal, POB 560B, Kennebunkport, ME 04046) V.7- 1944- Volume(issue)/page/year: 34,20,1971

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 260 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: KLWOAZ Klinische Wochenscrift. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3, D-1000 Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1922- Volume(issue)/page/year: 31,97,1953

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 600 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: AIPTAK Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. (Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium) V.4- 1898- Volume(issue)/page/year: 104,388,1956

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 42 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: KLWOAZ Klinische Wochenscrift. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3, D-1000 Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1922- Volume(issue)/page/year: 31,97,1953

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 350 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - tremor Behavioral - excitement Behavioral - rigidity (including catalepsy)

REFERENCE :: ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag, Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951- Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,1275,1966

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 124 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: RPOBAR Research Progress in Organic-Biological and Medicinal Chemistry. (New York, NY) V.1-3, 1964-72. Discontinued. Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,213,1970

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 180 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: FATOAO Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya (Moscow). For English translation, see PHTXA6 and RPTOAN. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.2- 1939- Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,425,1966

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 45 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - local anesthetic

REFERENCE :: JAPMA8 Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association, Scientific Edition. (Washington, DC) V.29-49, 1940-60. For publisher information, see JPMSAE. Volume(issue)/page/year: 45,382,1956

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 530 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: NYKZAU Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. (Nippon Yakuri Gakkai, c/o Kyoto Daigaku Igakubu Yakurigaku Kyoshitsu, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606, Japan) V.40- 1944- Volume(issue)/page/year: 53,2S,1957

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 143 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - general anesthetic

REFERENCE :: BDHU** "Nachprufung der Toxicitat von Novocain und Tutocain bei Chloralisierten Tieren, Dissertation," Barke, A., Pharmakologischen Institut der Tierarztlichen Hochschule zu Hannover, Fed. Rep. Ger., 1936 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,-,1936

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 25 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - general anesthetic

REFERENCE :: BDHU** "Nachprufung der Toxicitat von Novocain und Tutocain bei Chloralisierten Tieren, Dissertation," Barke, A., Pharmakologischen Institut der Tierarztlichen Hochschule zu Hannover, Fed. Rep. Ger., 1936 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,-,1936

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - cat

DOSE/DURATION :: 225 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - general anesthetic

REFERENCE :: BDHU** "Nachprufung der Toxicitat von Novocain und Tutocain bei Chloralisierten Tieren, Dissertation," Barke, A., Pharmakologischen Institut der Tierarztlichen Hochschule zu Hannover, Fed. Rep. Ger., 1936 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,-,1936

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - cat

DOSE/DURATION :: 21500 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - general anesthetic

REFERENCE :: BDHU** "Nachprufung der Toxicitat von Novocain und Tutocain bei Chloralisierten Tieren, Dissertation," Barke, A., Pharmakologischen Institut der Tierarztlichen Hochschule zu Hannover, Fed. Rep. Ger., 1936 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,-,1936

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 230 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - general anesthetic

REFERENCE :: BDHU** "Nachprufung der Toxicitat von Novocain und Tutocain bei Chloralisierten Tieren, Dissertation," Barke, A., Pharmakologischen Institut der Tierarztlichen Hochschule zu Hannover, Fed. Rep. Ger., 1936 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,-,1936

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 41 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10- Volume(issue)/page/year: 106,37,1952

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraspinal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 18 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10- Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,137,1935

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 600 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: PHREA7 Physiological Reviews. (American Physiological Soc., 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814) V.1- 1921- Volume(issue)/page/year: 12,190,1932

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 400 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: AEPPAE Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. (Berlin, Ger.) V.110-253, 1925-66. For publisher information, see NSAPCC. Volume(issue)/page/year: 144,197,1929

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 50 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: PHREA7 Physiological Reviews. (American Physiological Soc., 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814) V.1- 1921- Volume(issue)/page/year: 12,190,1932

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Parenteral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 50 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: AEPPAE Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. (Berlin, Ger.) V.110-253, 1925-66. For publisher information, see NSAPCC. Volume(issue)/page/year: 131,171,1928

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Amphibian - frog

DOSE/DURATION :: 600 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - general anesthetic Behavioral - excitement Cardiac - pulse rate

REFERENCE :: AEPPAE Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. (Berlin, Ger.) V.110-253, 1925-66. For publisher information, see NSAPCC. Volume(issue)/page/year: 144,197,1929

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraspinal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Amphibian - frog

DOSE/DURATION :: 220 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10- Volume(issue)/page/year: 45,291,1932 *** REVIEWS *** TOXICOLOGY REVIEW PHREA7 Physiological Reviews. (American Physiological Soc., 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814) V.1- 1921- Volume(issue)/page/year: 12,190,1932 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X7542 No. of Facilities: 14 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 1 No. of Employees: 432 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 203 (estimated)

Hazard Codes	Xi
RIDADR	UN 3249
Packaging Group	III
Hazard Class	6.1(b)
HS Code	2922499100

Precursor 10
CAS#:38973-67-0 2-(diethylamino... CAS#:99-77-4 Ethyl 4-nitrobe... CAS#:100-37-8 2-(Diethylamino... CAS#:619-45-4 Methyl 4-aminob...
CAS#:13456-39-8 2-diethylaminoe... CAS#:94-09-7 Benzocaine CAS#:100-35-6 2-Chloro-N,N-di... CAS#:122-04-3 4-Nitrobenzoyl ...
CAS#:869-24-9 2-Diethylaminoe... CAS#:150-13-0 4-Aminobenzoic acid
DownStream 10
CAS#:54-35-3 Procaine penici... CAS#:21033-42-1 2-(Diethylamino... CAS#:150-13-0 4-Aminobenzoic acid CAS#:100-37-8 2-(Diethylamino...
CAS#:27474-68-6 2-(diethylamino... CAS#:47662-72-6 2-(diethylamino... CAS#:59440-80-1 Benzoicacid, 4-... CAS#:6062-23-3 N-acetylprocaine
CAS#:62276-02-2 methyl 4-(2,4-d... CAS#:63014-02-8 2-diethylaminoe...

HS Code	2922499990
Summary	HS:2922499990 other amino-acids, other than those containing more than one kind of oxygen function, and their esters; salts thereof VAT:17.0% Tax rebate rate:9.0% Supervision conditions:AB(certificate of inspection for goods inward,certificate of inspection for goods outward) MFN tariff:6.5% General tariff:30.0%

4-aminobenzoic acid 2-diethylaminoethyl ester

2-(Diethylamino)ethyl 4-aminobenzoate

Procaine Base

EINECS 200-426-9

β-(Diethylamino)ethyl p-aminobenzoate

Benzoic acid, 4-amino-, 2-(diethylamino)ethyl ester

Procaine

Benzoic acid, p-amino-, 2- (diethylamino)ethyl ester

β-Diethylaminoethyl 4-aminobenzoate

Benzoic acid, 4-amino-, 2- (diethylamino)ethyl ester

4-Aminobenzoic acid 2-(diethylamino)ethyl ester

MFCD00007893

2-(Diethylamino)ethyl p-aminobenzoate

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Procaine

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