四氢呋喃
四氢呋喃用途
【用途一】
用作色谱分析试剂、有机溶剂及尼龙66中间体
【用途二】
用作溶剂、有机合成的原料
【用途三】
四氢呋喃又名一氧五环、氧杂环戊烷、四亚甲基氧，是合成农药苯丁锡的中间体，另外，可直接用于制合成纤维、合成树脂、合成橡胶，也是许多聚合材料、精密磁带和电镀工业的溶剂，还用于制己二腈、己二酸、己二胺、丁二酸、丁二醇、γ-丁内酯等，在医药工业上，可用于生产咳必清、黄体酮、利复霉素和用作制药溶剂等。
【用途四】
THF是一种重要的有机合成原料且是性能优良的溶剂，特别适用于溶解PVC、聚偏氯乙烯和丁苯胺，广泛用作表面涂料、防腐涂料、印刷油墨、磁带和薄膜涂料的溶剂，并用作反应溶剂，用于电镀铝液时可任意控制铝层厚度且光亮。THF自身可缩聚（经阳离子引发开环再聚合）成聚四亚甲基醚二醇（PTMEG），也称四氢呋喃均聚醚。PTMEG与甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）制成耐磨、耐油、低温性能好、强度高的特种橡胶；与对苯二甲酸二甲酯和1,4-丁二醇制成嵌段聚醚聚酯弹性材料。相对分子质量为2000的PTMEG与对亚甲基双（4-苯基）二异氰酸酯（MDI）制成聚氨酯弹性纤维（氨纶，即SPANDEX纤维）、特种橡胶和一些特殊用途涂料的原料。在有机合成方面，用于生产四氢噻吩、1.4-二氯乙烷、2.3-二氯四氢呋喃、戊内酯、丁内酯和吡咯烷酮等。在医药工业方面，THF用于合成咳必清、利复霉素、黄体酮和一些激素药。THF经硫化氢处理生成四氢硫酚，可作燃料气中的臭味剂（识别添加剂）。THF还可用做合成革的表面处理剂。
【用途五】
四氢呋喃（109-99-9）是一种重要的有机化工及精细化工原料，用作天然和合成树脂(特别乙烯基树脂)的溶剂，也用于制丁二烯、己二腈、己二酸、己二胺等。 广泛应用于树脂溶剂(磁带涂层、表面涂层、清洗反应器、脱除薄膜、玻璃纸涂层、塑料印刷油墨、热塑性聚氨酯涂层)；反应溶剂(格式试剂、烷基碱金属化合物和芳基碱金属化合物、氢化铝和氢化硼、甾族化合物和大分子有机聚合物)；化学中间产物(聚合生成、天然气加味剂)；色谱溶剂(凝胶渗透色谱法)。
【用途六】
氨基酸和肽的纸层析。溶剂。有机合成。高效液相色谱,紫外发光光度分析。
四氢呋喃名称
[ CAS 号 ]:
109-99-9
[ 中文名 ]:
四氢呋喃
[ 英文名 ]:
thf
[中文别名 ]:
[英文别名 ]:
- tetrahydro-furan
- THF
- oxolane
- EINECS 203-786-5
- MFCD00148879
四氢呋喃物理化学性质
[ 密度 ]:
0.9±0.1 g/cm3
[ 沸点 ]:
66 ºC
[ 熔点 ]:
-108.4 ºC
[ 分子式 ]:
C4H8O
[ 分子量 ]:
72.106
[ 闪点 ]:
-21 ºC
[ 精确质量 ]:
72.057518
[ PSA ]:
9.23000
[ LogP ]:
0.33
[ 外观性状 ]:
透明液体
[ 蒸汽密度 ]:
2.5 (vs air)
[ 蒸汽压 ]:
152.4±0.1 mmHg at 25°C
[ 折射率 ]:
1.417
[ 储存条件 ]:
库房通风低温干燥,与氧化剂、酸碱类分开存放
[ 水溶解性 ]:
miscible
[ 凝固点 ]:
-108℃
四氢呋喃MSDS
四氢呋喃毒性和生态
CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION
- RTECS NUMBER :
- LU5950000
- CHEMICAL NAME :
- Furan, tetrahydro-
- CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
- 109-99-9
- LAST UPDATED :
- 199712
- DATA ITEMS CITED :
- 51
- MOLECULAR FORMULA :
- C4-H8-O
- MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
- 72.12
- WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
- T5OTJ
HEALTH HAZARD DATA
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Human
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 25000 ppm
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - general anesthetic
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 1650 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- REFERENCE :
- GAFCC* GAF Material Safety Data Sheet. (GAF Chemicals Corporation, 1361 Alps Road, Wayne, NJ 07470)
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 21000 ppm/3H
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - sleep Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intraperitoneal
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 2900 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 24000 mg/m3/2H
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - muscle weakness Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intraperitoneal
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 1900 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - guinea pig
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 2300 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intraperitoneal
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - guinea pig
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 500 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Liver - fatty liver degeneration
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 4550 mg/kg/17W-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Blood - change in clotting factors Blood - changes in leukocyte (WBC) count Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 1000 ppm/4H/12W-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - deviated nasal septum
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 5000 ppm/6H/91D-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Endocrine - changes in spleen weight Endocrine - changes in thymus weight Blood - changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 200 ppm/6H/18W-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Liver - other changes Musculoskeletal - other changes Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - multiple enzyme effects
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 4550 mg/kg/17W-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Blood - change in clotting factors Blood - changes in leukocyte (WBC) count Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 5000 ppm/6H/91D-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Liver - changes in liver weight Endocrine - adrenal cortex hypoplasia Endocrine - changes in thymus weight
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 8 gm/m3/2H/60D-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes Related to Chronic Data - death
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- DOSE :
- 5000 ppm/6H
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 6-19 day(s) after conception
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- DOSE :
- 1800 ppm/6H
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 6-17 day(s) after conception
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)
MUTATION DATA
- TYPE OF TEST :
- Mutation in microorganisms
- TEST SYSTEM :
- Bacteria - Escherichia coli
- REFERENCE :
- GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI Volume(issue)/page/year: 26(1),43,1982 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-STEL 737 mg/m3 (250 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 590 mg/m3 (200 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 200 ppm (590 mg/m3) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,252,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 200 ppm (590 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 200 ppm (590 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 200 ppm (590 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 200 ppm (590 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 200 ppm (590 mg/m3);STEL 250 ppm (735 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 200 ppm (590 mg/m3);STEL 250 ppm (738 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 200 ppm (590 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 100 ppm (290 mg/m3);STEL 150 ppm (440 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 200 ppm (590 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 200 ppm (590 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-HUNGARY:TWA 200 mg/m3;STEL 400 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-JAPAN:TWA 200 ppm (590 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 200 ppm (590 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 200 ppm (590 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:TWA 200 ppm;STEL 100 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m3);STEL 150 ppm (450 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 200 ppm (590 mg/m3);STEL 1000 ppm JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 200 ppm (590 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 200 ppm (590 mg/m3);STEL 250 ppm JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO TETRAHYDROFURAN-air:10H TWA 200 ppm;STEL 250 ppm REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 71695 No. of Facilities: 4141 (estimated) No. of Industries: 72 No. of Occupations: 60 No. of Employees: 95003 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 71695 No. of Facilities: 17866 (estimated) No. of Industries: 101 No. of Occupations: 83 No. of Employees: 356038 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 47382 (estimated)
四氢呋喃安全信息
[ 符号 ]:
GHS02, GHS07, GHS08
[ 信号词 ]:
Danger
[ 危害声明 ]:
H225-H302-H319-H335-H351
[ 补充危害声明 ]:
May form explosive peroxides.
[ 警示性声明 ]:
P210-P280-P301 + P312 + P330-P305 + P351 + P338-P370 + P378-P403 + P235
[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Eyeshields;Faceshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US);type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter
[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
F:Flammable
[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R11;R19;R36/37
[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S26-S36-S33-S29-S16
[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 2924 3/PG 2
[ WGK德国 ]:
1
[ RTECS号 ]:
MD0916000
[ 包装等级 ]:
II
[ 危险类别 ]:
3
[ 海关编码 ]:
2932110000
四氢呋喃合成路线
四氢呋喃上下游产品
四氢呋喃上游产品
四氢呋喃下游产品
四氢呋喃制备
四氢呋喃的生产工艺有以下几种。
(1)糠醛法
由糠醛脱羰基生成呋喃，再加氢而得。
这是工业上最早生产四氢呋喃的方法之一。糠醛主要由玉米芯等农副产品水解制造。该法污染严重，不利于大规模生产，已逐步被淘汰。
(2)顺酐催化加氢法
顺酐和氢气从底部进入内装镍催化剂的反应器，产物中四氢呋喃与γ-丁内酯比例可通过调整操作参数加以控制。反应产物与原料氢气冷却至50℃左右进入洗涤塔底部，使未反应的氢气及气态与液态产物分离，未反应的氢气及气态产物经洗涤后循环到反应器，液态产物经蒸馏而得四氢呋喃产品。
该工艺可在0～(5：1)范围内任意调整γ-丁内酯与四氢呋喃的比例，顺酐的单程转化率达100%，四氢呋喃选择性为85%～95%，产品含量达99.97%。该工艺具有催化剂性能好、流程简单、投资少等特点。
(3)1,4-丁二醇脱水环化法
其工艺过程为：向反应器中加入1087kg 22%的硫酸水溶液，在100℃以110kg/h的速度加入1,4-丁二醇，塔顶温度维持在80℃，以大约110kg/h的速度从塔顶得到含有80%四氢呋喃的水溶液。加入50t 1,4-丁二醇后，从反应器中排除约70kg焦质。将焦质进行过滤，得到的硫酸水溶液可以重新使用，这一过程的四氢呋喃收率可以达到99%以上。
硫酸是四氢呋喃工业生产中使用最早的催化剂，也是现今生产中应用较多的催化剂。此工艺技术成熟，工艺比较简单，反应温度较低，四氢呋喃收率较高，但硫酸易腐蚀设备，污染环境。
(4)二氯丁烯法
以1,4-二氯丁烯为原料，经水解生成丁烯二醇，再经催化加氢而得。
1,4-二氯丁烯在氢氧化钠溶液中水解，110℃下生成丁烯二醇，离心分离去掉氯化钠，滤液在蒸发结晶器中浓缩，分离出碱金属羧酸盐，再在蒸馏塔中除去高沸物。将精制后的丁烯二醇送入反应器，以镍为催化剂，在80～120℃及一定压力下，丁烯二醇加氢生成丁二醇，蒸馏后进人环合反应器，在常压及120～140℃下于酸性介质中生成粗四氢呋喃，蒸馏脱水和脱高沸物，最后蒸馏得高纯四氢呋喃。
此法操作简便，条件温和，收率高，催化剂用量少，可连续使用。
(5)丁二烯氧化法
以丁二烯为原料，经氧化得呋喃，再加氢而得。此法在国外已工业化。
(6)工业生产最早以糖醛为原料，将糖醛与蒸气的混合物通入填充锌-铬-锰金属氧化物（或钯）催化剂的反应器，于400-420℃脱去羰基而成呋喃；然后以骨架镍为催化剂，于80-120℃呋喃加氢制得四氢呋喃。该法生产1吨四氢呋喃，约需消耗3吨多糖醛。后来发展的生产方法有许多种，工业化的方法有1,4-丁二醇催化脱水环合法，因为丁二醇是由乙炔和甲醛制得的，此法称雷由法（Reppe法）；利用氯丁橡胶单体氯丁二烯的副产物1,4-二氯丁烯生产四氢呋喃，称为二氯丁烯法；近年来发展了以顺酐为原料的催化加氢法。
(7)在氧化锌、氧化铬、二氧化锰的存在下，糠醛可被催化脱醛，并在镍铝催化剂存在下加氢生成四氢呋喃：
四氢呋喃海关
[ 海关编码 ]: 2932110000
[ 中文概述 ]:
2932110000 四氢呋喃。监管条件:AB(入境货物通关单,出境货物通关单)。增值税率:17.0%。退税率:9.0%。最低关税:6.0%。普通关税:20.0%
[ 申报要素 ]: 品名, 成分含量, 用途
[ 监管条件 ]: A.入境货物通关单 B.出境货物通关单
[ 检验检疫 ]: M.进口商品检验 N.出口商品检验
[ Summary ]:
2932110000 tetrahydrofuran。supervision conditions:AB(certificate of inspection for goods inward,certificate of inspection for goods outward)。VAT:17.0%。tax rebate rate:9.0%。MFN tarrif:6.0%。general tariff:20.0%
四氢呋喃文献
Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 88(3) , 614-24, (2015)
A novel adapalene-loaded solid lipid microparticle (SLMA) dispersion as a topical drug delivery system (TDDS) for follicular penetration has been introduced. The objective of the present study was to ...
Injectable Peptide Decorated Functional Nanofibrous Hollow Microspheres to Direct Stem Cell Differentiation and Tissue Regeneration.Adv. Funct. Mater. 25(3) , 350-360, (2015)
Injectable microspheres are attractive stem cell carriers for minimally invasive procedures. For tissue regeneration, the microspheres need to present the critical cues to properly direct stem cell di...
Polymer hydrogel functionalized with biodegradable nanoparticles as composite system for controlled drug delivery.Nanotechnology 26(1) , 015602, (2015)
The possibility to direct pharmacological treatments targeting specific cell lines using polymer nanoparticles is one of the main novelties and perspectives in nanomedicine. However, sometimes, the ab...
相关化工产品/化学物质：
推荐生产厂家/供应商：
公司名：上海化源世纪贸易有限公司
区域：上海市普陀区
价格：
联系人：徐经理
产品详情：四氢呋喃
公司名：上海吉至生化科技有限公司
区域：上海市奉贤区
价格：
￥468.0/1l
￥128.0/100ml
￥268.0/500ml
￥248.0/4l
联系人：刘佳
产品详情：四氢呋喃
公司名：上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司
区域：上海市浦东新区
价格：
￥需询单/1mg
￥需询单/1g
￥需询单/1g
￥需询单/1g
联系人：阿拉丁
产品详情：四氢呋喃
公司名：中山市迪欣化工有限公司
区域：中山市三角镇
价格：
￥30.0/180kg
联系人：陈雪萍
产品详情：四氢呋喃
公司名：山东金悦源新材料有限公司
区域：济南市天桥区
价格：
￥1800.0/180kg
￥10000.0/1ton
联系人：王思兵
产品详情：四氢呋喃
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