尿素_MSDS_用途_密度_尿素CAS号【57-13-6】

Urea是一种强效蛋白质变性剂,作用通过直接和间接机制[1]。一种有效的润肤剂和角质层分离剂[2]。用作利尿剂。血尿素氮 (BUN) 已被用于评估肾功能[3]。广泛用于肥料中的氮源,是化学工业的重要原料。

[ 描述 ]:

Urea是一种强效蛋白质变性剂,作用通过直接和间接机制[1]。一种有效的润肤剂和角质层分离剂[2]。用作利尿剂。血尿素氮 (BUN) 已被用于评估肾功能[3]。广泛用于肥料中的氮源,是化学工业的重要原料。

[ 相关类别 ]:

研究领域 >> 心血管疾病

天然产物 >> 其他

[ 靶点 ]

Human Endogenous Metabolite

[参考文献]

[1]. Bennion BJ, et al. The molecular basis for the chemical denaturation of proteins by urea. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Apr 29;100(9):5142-7.

[2]. Pan M, et al. Urea: a comprehensive review of the clinical literature. Dermatol Online J. 2013 Nov 15;19(11):20392.

[3]. Wang H, et al. Urea. Subcell Biochem. 2014;73:7-29.

[相关活性小分子]

[ 密度 ]:
1.335

[ 沸点 ]:
332.48°C

[ 熔点 ]:
131-135 ºC

[ 分子式 ]:
CH₄N₂O

[ 分子量 ]:
60.055

[ 闪点 ]:
53.7±22.6 °C

[ 精确质量 ]:
60.032364

[ PSA ]:
69.11000

[ LogP ]:
-1.43

[ 外观性状 ]:
白色结晶粉末

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
<0.1 hPa (20 °C)

[ 折射率 ]:
n20/D 1.40

[ 储存条件 ]:
2-8°C

[ 稳定性 ]:
Substances to be avoided include strong oxidizing agents. Protect from moisture.

[ 水溶解性 ]:
1080 g/L (20 ºC)

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: YR6250000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Urea

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 57-13-6

LAST UPDATED :: 199710

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 43

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C-H4-N2-O

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 60.07

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: ZVZ

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 8471 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: >5 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 8200 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) Behavioral - antipsychotic

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 5300 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) Behavioral - antipsychotic

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intratracheal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 567 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Blood - methemoglobinemia-carboxyhemoglobin

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 11 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 6608 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - coma

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 9200 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) Behavioral - antipsychotic

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 4600 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) Behavioral - antipsychotic

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 3 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 3 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 3 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 4800 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Bird - pigeon

DOSE/DURATION :: 14800 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Amphibian - frog

DOSE/DURATION :: 600 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - domestic

DOSE/DURATION :: 511 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - tetany Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of salivary glands

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 288 mg/m3/17W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes in urine composition Blood - other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - changes in chlorine

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 3024 mg/kg/4W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - changes in liver weight Endocrine - changes in thymus weight Related to Chronic Data - changes in testicular weight

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 37800 mg/kg/25W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Brain and Coverings - changes in brain weight Related to Chronic Data - changes in prostate weight

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 821 gm/kg/1Y-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Blood - tumors Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 394 gm/kg/1Y-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Blood - tumors Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraplacental

DOSE :: 1400 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 16 week(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - abortion

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraplacental

DOSE :: 1600 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 16 week(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - abortion

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraplacental

DOSE :: 1600 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 16 week(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - abortion

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intrauterine

DOSE :: 6 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 18 week(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - abortion

TYPE OF TEST :: Cytogenetic analysis

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Cytogenetic analysis

TEST SYSTEM :: Rodent - hamster Lung

DOSE/DURATION :: 13 gm/L

REFERENCE :: GMCRDC Gann Monograph on Cancer Research. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 233 Spring St., New York, NY 10013) No. 11- 1971- Volume(issue)/page/year: 27,95,1981 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 80231 No. of Facilities: 22367 (estimated) No. of Industries: 156 No. of Occupations: 119 No. of Employees: 284911 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X7915 No. of Facilities: 9 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 1 No. of Employees: 63 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 9 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 80231 No. of Facilities: 31269 (estimated) No. of Industries: 204 No. of Occupations: 164 No. of Employees: 783504 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 326824 (estimated)

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Eyeshields;Gloves;type N95 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
Xn,Xi

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
36/37/38-40

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S26-S36-S24/25

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
NONH for all modes of transport

[ WGK德国 ]:
1

[ RTECS号 ]:
YR6250000

[ 海关编码 ]:
3102100001

尿素上游产品

尿素下游产品

1.尿素中哺乳动物体内蛋白质代谢的最终产物。1922年，在德国实现了用氨和二氧化碳合成尿素的工业化生产。氨与二氧化碳反应生成氨基甲酸胺，再脱水生成尿素。

2.氨与二氧化碳反应生成氨基甲酸铵，再脱水生成尿素。

经过净化的氨与二氧化碳按摩尔比2.8～4.5混合送入合成塔，塔内压力为13.8～24.6MPa，温度为180～200℃，反应物料停留时间为25～40min，得到含过剩氨和氨基甲酸铵的尿素溶液（脲液）。经减压、降温，将分离出氨和氨基甲酸铵后的脲液，蒸浓到99.5%以上，然后在造粒塔造粒得到尿素成品。

目前世界上流行的工艺有4种：荷兰斯塔米卡邦的CO2汽提工艺，意大利斯那姆普罗盖提的NH3汽提工艺，日本三井东压的ACES工艺和意大利蒙特爱迪生的IDR工艺。国外最近开发成功了高效联合法尿素生产新工艺。该工艺是在水溶液循环法基础上做重大改进形成的。其规模可大可小，特别适合我国中、小氮肥企业的技术改造和转产。其吨尿素的各项消耗指标几乎毫不逊色于上述先进流程的指标。其工艺流程如下：

3.氰氨化钙在硫酸作用下生成氰胺，然后与水生成脲：

经脱色、重结晶即得成品

[ 海关编码 ]: 3102100001

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公司名：上海化源世纪贸易有限公司

区域：上海市普陀区

价格：

联系人：徐经理

产品详情：尿素

公司名：南通润丰石油化工有限公司

区域：南通市崇川区

价格：
￥需询单/1kg ￥需询单/1ton

联系人：曹经理

产品详情：尿素

公司名：云南西力生物技术股份有限公司

区域：昆明市盘龙区

价格：
￥需询单/5mg

联系人：郑雪平

产品详情：尿素

公司名：上海吉至生化科技有限公司

区域：上海市奉贤区

价格：
￥58.0/50mg ￥58.0/500g ￥258.0/5kg

联系人：刘佳

产品详情：尿素

公司名：上海脉铂医药科技有限公司

区域：上海市嘉定区

价格：
￥1149.0/0g ￥需询单/1g ￥需询单/1g ￥需询单/1g

联系人：李先生

产品详情：Urea

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