蔗糖

Sucrose 是由两种单糖,葡萄糖和果糖组成的二糖。

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研究领域 >> 代谢疾病

天然产物 >> 糖和糖苷

蔗糖是一种二糖,由两种单糖,葡萄糖和果糖组成。与饲料喂养相比,高能量(HE)喂养导致两种菌株中蔗糖溶液的总体偏好降低。具体地,相对于食物喂养,肥胖倾向(OP)大鼠在HE喂养期间更喜欢0.3M和1.0M蔗糖溶液(分别为P = 0.046和P = 0.012)。同样,与喂食食物的对应物相比,肥胖抵抗(OR)大鼠对HE喂养的0.01 M,0.03 M和1.0 M蔗糖的偏好降低(分别为P <0.0001,P = 0.043和P = 0.013) 。与OR动物相比,食物喂养的OP大鼠消耗的0.03和0.1M蔗糖溶液显着减少(两者均P <0.0001),而HE喂养的OP大鼠仅消耗较少的0.1M蔗糖溶液(P <0.05), HE喂养的OR大鼠[1]。

在该研究中使用总共66只雄性8周龄Sprague-Dawley肥胖倾向（OP）和肥胖抗性（OR）大鼠（每个表型n = 38），分别重275g和210g。在恢复并获得手术前重量后，大鼠进行三次60分钟假喂食期的训练试验，其中含有0.03M蔗糖溶液。在测试期间，将大鼠短暂地剥夺水（0900至1600小时）而不是食物，并且测试1小时（1400至1500小时）假摄取0.03M蔗糖溶液直至达到稳定的基线。然后，每隔一天以随机顺序将大鼠与三种蔗糖溶液（0.03,0.3和1.0M）中的一种进行假喂食，每种浓度测试至少两次。每5分钟记录一次蔗糖摄入60分钟[1]。

[1]. Duca FA, et al. Effect of diet on preference and intake of sucrose in obese prone and resistant rats. PLoS One. 2014 Oct 20;9(10):e111232.

磺丁基-β-环糊精钠盐 | 环孢霉素A | 2-(3,6-二乙酰氧基-2,7-二氯-9H-氧杂蒽-9-基)苯甲酸 | 1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶盐酸盐 | GW4869 | 乙莫克舍 | (2R,2'R,3R,3'R,4S,4'S,5R,5'R,6S,6'S)-6,6'-硫代双(4-(4-(3-氟苯基)-1H-1,-1H-1,2,3-三唑-1-基)-2-(羟甲基)四氢-2H-吡喃-3,5-二醇) | Mitoquinone甲磺酸盐 | GSK2795039 | CBIC2 | BAPTA-AM | AP20187 | GKT137831 | D-(-)-荧光素 | 单响尾蛇毒蛋白

MOLECULAR FORMULA :

C12-H22-O11

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

342.34

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :

T6OTJ CQ DQ EQ F1Q BO- BT5OTJ B1Q CQ DQ E1Q -GLU,FRUC

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

29700 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cyanosis Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

14000 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - domestic

DOSE/DURATION :

40 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

1548 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 21 day(s) pre-mating female 1-22 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

683 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 1-21 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - hepatobiliary system Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

683 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :

lactating female 21 day(s) post-birth

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

54810 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 15-35 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

Cytogenetic analysis

TEST SYSTEM :

Rodent - hamster Ovary

REFERENCE :

MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 189,15,1987 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 10 mg/m3 DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD:NUISANCE PARTICULATES DTLWS* "Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workroom Air," Supplements. For publisher information, see 85INA8. Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,28,1973 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 15 mg/m3, total dust CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 5 mg/m3, respirable dust CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 15 mg/m3, total dust CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 5 mg/m3, respirable dust CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 15 mg/m3, total dust CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 5 mg/m3, respirable dust CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 15 mg/m3, total dust CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 5 mg/m3, respirable dust CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 10 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 10 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 10 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 10 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO SUCROSE, respirable fraction-air:10H TWA 5 mg/m3 REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO SUCROSE, total dust-air:10H TWA 10 mg/m3 REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 81515 No. of Facilities: 12044 (estimated) No. of Industries: 101 No. of Occupations: 86 No. of Employees: 121005 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 81515 No. of Facilities: 15179 (estimated) No. of Industries: 108 No. of Occupations: 110 No. of Employees: 368912 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 169962 (estimated)