51-42-3

• 常用中文名：酒石酸肾上腺素
• 常用英文名：Epinephrine bitartrate
• CAS号：51-42-3
• 分子式：C₁₃H₁₉NO₉
• 分子量：333.291
• 相关类别： 原料药 循环系统用药 抗休克血管活性药
• 发布时间：2018-04-18 08:00:00
• 更新时间：2024-01-02 12:41:36
• L-Epinephrine bitartrate是α-adrenergic和β-adrenergic的激动剂。L-Epinephrine是由肾上腺髓质分泌的激素。
• 体外活性：与未治疗的对照眼相比，将12微升体积的1％L-肾上腺素硼酸盐溶液施用于12只猴子的一只眼睛的角膜上，分别使通过虹膜和睫状体的血流减少59％和20％。 肾上腺素是一种直接作用的拟交感神经药α-肾上腺素能和β-肾上腺素能激动剂，具有环腺苷一磷酸介导的，复杂的，对许多靶器官的双向药理作用。 在年轻的成年大鼠中，肾上腺素的内源性释放促进了对于时间相关事件的稳定记忆形成。 肾上腺素通过增加调节记忆所需的血糖水平来增强年轻成年大鼠的记忆。 肾上腺素是心肺复苏（CPR）期间用于逆转心脏骤停的主要药物。 肾上腺素通过α-1-肾上腺素受体激动剂作用增加CPR期间的动脉血压和冠状动脉灌注。

名称

• 中文名: (-)-肾上腺素 (+)-酒石酸氢盐
• 英文名: (-)-Epinephrine (+)-bitartrate salt
• 中文别名: (-)-肾上腺素酒石酸盐; 酒石酸肾上腺素; 重酒石酸肾上腺素
• 英文别名: L-Adrenaline D-hydrogentartrate; L-Epinephrine D-hydrogentartrate; (-)-Epinephrine (+)-bitartrate salt; EINECS 200-097-1; (2R,3R)-2,3-Dihydroxysuccinic acid - 4-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol (1:1); MFCD00035077; (2R,3R)-2,3-Dihydroxysuccinic acid - 4-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]-1,2-benzenediol (1:1); (-)-Epinephrine (+)-bitartrate; (R)-4-(1-Hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl)-1,2-benzenediol (R-(R*,R*))-2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioate (1:1) (Salt); (2R,3R)-2,3-Dihydroxybutandisäure--4-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]benzol-1,2-diol(1:1); 4-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate (salt); L-(-)-Epinephrine-(+)-bitartrate; acide (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioïque - 4-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-2-(méthylamino)éthyl]benzène-1,2-diol (1:1); Epinephrine bitartrate; (-)-3,4-Dihydroxy-a-((methylamino)methyl)benzyl Alcohol (+)-Tartrate (1:1) Salt; (-)-Epinephrine bitartrate; Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-, (2R,3R)-, compd. with 4-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]-1,2-benzenediol (1:1); EPINEPHRINE HYDROGEN TARTRATE; Epinephrine tartrate; 4-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate (1:1); L-Epinephrine (Bitartrate)

物化性质

• 沸点: 413.1ºC at 760 mmHg
• 熔点: ~155 °C (dec.)
• 分子式: C₁₃H₁₉NO₉
• 分子量: 333.291
• 闪点: 207.9ºC
• 精确质量: 333.105988
• PSA: 187.78000
• 外观性状: 白色固体
• 折射率: -16.5 ° (C=2, H2O)
• 储存条件:

  密封避光保存。

• 稳定性: Stable. Incompatible with bases, oxidizing agents, iron, iron salts, copper, copper alloys.
• 水溶解性: H2O: soluble
• 计算化学:

  1、 疏水参数计算参考值（XlogP）：

  2、 氢键供体数量：8

  3、 氢键受体数量：10

  4、 可旋转化学键数量：6

  5、 互变异构体数量：10

  6、 拓扑分子极性表面积（TPSA）：188

  7、 重原子数量：23

  8、 表面电荷：0

  9、 复杂度：288

  10、同位素原子数量：0

  11、确定原子立构中心数量：3

  12、不确定原子立构中心数量：0

  13、确定化学键立构中心数量：0

  14、不确定化学键立构中心数量：0

  15、共价键单元数量：2

• 更多:

  1. 性状：白色结晶性粉末。无臭味苦。

  2. 密度（g/mL,25/4℃）： 未确定

  3. 相对蒸汽密度（g/mL,空气=1）：未确定

  4. 熔点（ºC）：147-152

  5. 沸点（ºC,常压）：未确定

  6. 沸点（ºC,5.2kPa）：未确定

  7. 折射率：未确定

  8. 闪点（ºC）：未确定

  9. 比旋光度（ºC=1，水中）：-17

  10. 自燃点或引燃温度（ºC）：未确定

  11. 蒸气压（kPa,25ºC）：未确定

  12. 饱和蒸气压（kPa,60ºC）：未确定

  13. 燃烧热（KJ/mol）：未确定

  14. 临界温度（ºC）：未确定

  15. 临界压力（KPa）：未确定

  16. 油水（辛醇/水）分配系数的对数值：

  17. 爆炸上限（%,V/V）：未确定

  18. 爆炸下限（%,V/V）：未确定

  19. 溶解性：溶于水和乙醇，几乎不溶于氯仿和乙醚。

生物活性

• 描述: L-Epinephrine bitartrate是α-adrenergic和β-adrenergic的激动剂。L-Epinephrine是由肾上腺髓质分泌的激素。
• 相关类别:
  信号通路 >> G 蛋白偶联受体/G 蛋白 >> 肾上腺素能受体
  研究领域 >> 神经疾病
• 体内研究: 与未处理的对照眼相比,将12微升体积的1％L-肾上腺素硼酸盐溶液施用于12只猴子的一只眼睛的角膜上,分别使通过虹膜和睫状体的血流减少59％和20％[ 1]。肾上腺素是一种直接作用的拟交感神经药α-肾上腺素能和β-肾上腺素能激动剂,具有环腺苷一磷酸介导的,复杂的,对许多靶器官的双向药理作用[2]。在年轻成年大鼠中,肾上腺素的内源性释放促进了对于时间相关事件的稳定记忆形成。肾上腺素通过增加调节记忆所需的血糖水平来增强年轻成年大鼠的记忆[3]。肾上腺素是心肺复苏(CPR)期间用于逆转心脏骤停的主要药物。肾上腺素通过α-1-肾上腺素能受体激动剂作用增加CPR期间的动脉血压和冠状动脉灌注[4]。
• 参考文献:

  [1]. Alm A, et al. The effect of topical l-epinephrine on regional ocular blood flow in monkeys. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1980 May;19(5):487-91.

  [2]. Simons FE, et al. First-aid treatment of anaphylaxis to food: focus on epinephrine. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004 May;113(5):837-44.

  [3]. Morris KA, et al. Epinephrine and glucose modulate training-related CREB phosphorylation in old rats: relationships to age-related memory impairments. Exp Gerontol. 2013 Feb;48(2):115-27.

  [4]. Callaway CW, et al. Epinephrine for cardiac arrest. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2013 Jan;28(1):36-42.

MSDS

Section 1. Chemical Product and Company Identification Epinephrine bitartrateCatalog EP135 Common Name/ Number(s). Trade Name CAS#51-42-3 Manufacturer RTECSNot available. SPECTRUM CHEMICAL MFG. CORP. TSCATSCA 8(b) inventory: Epinephrine bitartrate Commercial Name(s)Not available. CI# Not available. SynonymL-Adrenaline IN CASE OF EMERGENCY Not available. Chemical Name Chemical FamilyNot available.CALL (310) 516-8000 C9H13NO3.C4H6O6 Chemical Formula SPECTRUM CHEMICAL MFG. CORP. Section 2.Composition and Information on Ingredients Exposure Limits TWA (mg/m3)STEL (mg/m3) CEIL (mg/m3) NameCAS #% by Weight 1) Epinephrine bitartrate51-42-3100 Toxicological DataEpinephrine bitartrate: on IngredientsORAL (LD50):Acute: 4 mg/kg [Mouse]. Section 3. Hazards Identification Potential Acute Health Effects Very hazardous in case of ingestion, of inhalation. Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant, permeator), of eye contact (irritant). Severe over-exposure can result in death. Potential Chronic HealthVery hazardous in case of ingestion, of inhalation. Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant, permeator), of eye contact (irritant). Effects CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Not available. The substance is toxic to lungs, the nervous system, mucous membranes. Repeated or prolonged exposure to the substance can produce target organs damage. Repeated exposure to an highly toxic material may produce general deterioration of health by an accumulation in one or many human organs. Epinephrine bitartrate Section 4. First Aid Measures Eye ContactCheck for and remove any contact lenses. Immediately flush eyes with running water for at least 15 minutes, keeping eyelids open. Cold water may be used. Do not use an eye ointment. Seek medical attention. Skin ContactAfter contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of water. Gently and thoroughly wash the contaminated skin with running water and non-abrasive soap. Be particularly careful to clean folds, crevices, creases and groin. Cold water may be used. Cover the irritated skin with an emollient. If irritation persists, seek medical attention. Wash contaminated clothing before reusing. Serious Skin ContactWash with a disinfectant soap and cover the contaminated skin with an anti-bacterial cream. Seek immediate medical attention. InhalationAllow the victim to rest in a well ventilated area. Seek immediate medical attention. Serious InhalationEvacuate the victim to a safe area as soon as possible. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. If the victim is not breathing, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Seek medical attention. IngestionDo not induce vomiting. Examine the lips and mouth to ascertain whether the tissues are damaged, a possible indication that the toxic material was ingested; the absence of such signs, however, is not conclusive. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. If the victim is not breathing, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Seek immediate medical attention. Serious Ingestion Not available. Section 5. Fire and Explosion Data Flammability of the Product May be combustible at high temperature. Auto-Ignition Temperature Not available. Flash PointsNot available. Flammable LimitsNot available. Products of CombustionThese products are carbon oxides (CO, CO2), nitrogen oxides (NO, NO2...). Fire Hazards in Presence of Not available. Various Substances Explosion Hazards in Presence Risks of explosion of the product in presence of mechanical impact: Not available. Risks of explosion of the product in presence of static discharge: Not available. of Various Substances SMALL FIRE: Use DRY chemical powder. Fire Fighting Media and InstructionsLARGE FIRE: Use water spray, fog or foam. Do not use water jet. Not available. Special Remarks on Fire Hazards Special Remarks on Explosion Not available. Hazards Section 6. Accidental Release Measures Small SpillUse appropriate tools to put the spilled solid in a convenient waste disposal container. Large SpillUse a shovel to put the material into a convenient waste disposal container. Epinephrine bitartrate Section 7. Handling and Storage PrecautionsKeep locked up Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Empty containers pose a fire risk, evaporate the residue under a fume hood. Ground all equipment containing material. Do not ingest. Do not breathe dust. Wear suitable protective clothing In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment If ingested, seek medical advice immediately and show the container or the label. Avoid contact with skin and eyes StorageKeep container dry. Keep in a cool place. Ground all equipment containing material. Keep container tightly closed. Keep in a cool, well-ventilated place. Highly toxic or infectious materials should be stored in a separate locked safety storage cabinet or room. Section 8. Exposure Controls/Personal Protection Engineering ControlsUse process enclosures, local exhaust ventilation, or other engineering controls to keep airborne levels below recommended exposure limits. If user operations generate dust, fume or mist, use ventilation to keep exposure to airborne contaminants below the exposure limit. Personal ProtectionSplash goggles. Lab coat. Dust respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Gloves. Personal Protection in Case of Splash goggles. Full suit. Dust respirator. Boots. Gloves. A self contained breathing apparatus should be used a Large Spillto avoid inhalation of the product. Suggested protective clothing might not be sufficient; consult a specialist BEFORE handling this product. Exposure LimitsNot available. Section 9. Physical and Chemical Properties Physical state and appearance Solid. (Crystalline solid.)OdorNot available. TasteNot available. 333.29 g/mole Molecular Weight ColorNot available. pH (1% soln/water)Not available. Not available. Boiling Point Melting PointDecomposes. (147°C or 296.6°F) Not available. Critical Temperature Specific GravityNot available. Vapor PressureNot applicable. Vapor DensityNot available. VolatilityNot available. Odor ThresholdNot available. Water/Oil Dist. Coeff.Not available. Not available. Ionicity (in Water) Dispersion PropertiesSee solubility in water. SolubilitySoluble in cold water. Epinephrine bitartrate Section 10. Stability and Reactivity Data The product is stable. Stability Instability TemperatureNot available. Not available. Conditions of Instability Not available. Incompatibility with various substances CorrosivityNon-corrosive in presence of glass. Special Remarks onNot available. Reactivity Special Remarks onNot available. Corrosivity PolymerizationNo. Section 11. Toxicological Information Routes of EntryDermal contact. Eye contact. Inhalation. Ingestion. Toxicity to AnimalsAcute oral toxicity (LD50): 4 mg/kg [Mouse]. Chronic Effects on Humans The substance is toxic to lungs, the nervous system, mucous membranes. Other Toxic Effects onVery hazardous in case of ingestion, of inhalation. HumansHazardous in case of skin contact (irritant, permeator). Special Remarks onNot available. Toxicity to Animals Special Remarks onNot available. Chronic Effects on Humans Special Remarks on otherNot available. Toxic Effects on Humans Section 12. Ecological Information EcotoxicityNot available. BOD5 and CODNot available. Products of BiodegradationPossibly hazardous short term degradation products are not likely. However, long term degradation products may arise. The products of degradation are more toxic. Toxicity of the Products of Biodegradation Special Remarks on theNot available. Products of Biodegradation Epinephrine bitartrate Section 13. Disposal Considerations Waste Disposal Section 14. Transport Information DOT ClassificationCLASS 6.1: Poisonous material. : Toxic solid, organic, n.o.s. (Epinephrine bitartrate) : UN2811 PG: III Identification Not available. Special Provisions for Transport DOT (Pictograms) HARMFUL STOW AWAY FROM FOODSTUFFS 6 Section 15. Other Regulatory Information and Pictograms TSCA 8(b) inventory: Epinephrine bitartrate Federal and State Regulations California Proposition 65 Warnings Other RegulationsOSHA: Hazardous by definition of Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200). CLASS D-1A: Material causing immediate and serious toxic effects (VERY TOXIC). Other ClassificationsWHMIS (Canada) CLASS D-2A: Material causing other toxic effects (VERY TOXIC). DSCL (EEC)R36/38- Irritating to eyes and skin. Health Hazard HMIS (U.S.A.)4 National Fire Protection 1 Flammability 1 Association (U.S.A.) Fire Hazard 4 0 Reactivity Health Reactivity 0 Specific hazard Personal Protection E WHMIS (Canada) (Pictograms) DSCL (Europe) (Pictograms) TDG (Canada) (Pictograms) 6 Epinephrine bitartrate ADR (Europe) (Pictograms) Protective Equipment Gloves. Lab coat. Dust respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Wear appropriate respirator when ventilation is inadequate. SECTION 16 - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION N/A

毒性和生态

毒理学数据: 1 、急性毒性：大鼠皮下LD50：8300 ug/kg；大鼠静脉LD50：82 ug/kg；小鼠经口LD50：4mg/kg；小鼠腹腔LD50：7800ug/kg； 小鼠皮下LD50：11100 ug/kg；小鼠静脉LD50：1780ug/kg；青蛙肠外LDLo：800mg/kg 2、其他多计量毒性：大鼠皮下TDLo：76mg/kg/42D-I 3、生殖毒性：雄性小鼠皮下TDLo：2400ug/kg，两天前交配 4、致突变性：DNA的inhibitionTEST系统：啮齿动物-老鼠细胞-不是另有规定：1umol/L CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION RTECS NUMBER : DO3500000 CAS REGISTRY NUMBER : 51-42-3 LAST UPDATED : 199706 DATA ITEMS CITED : 12 MOLECULAR FORMULA : C9-H13-N-O3.C4-H6-O6 MOLECULAR WEIGHT : 333.33 WISWESSER LINE NOTATION : QR BQ DYQ1M1 &QVYQYQVQ -L -D HEALTH HAZARD DATA ACUTE TOXICITY DATA TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 8300 ug/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 82 ug/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 4 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 7800 ug/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Cardiac - cardiomyopathy including infarction TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 11100 ug/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 1780 ug/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Parenteral SPECIES OBSERVED : Amphibian - frog DOSE/DURATION : 800 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - spastic paralysis with or without sensory change Cardiac - other changes Gastrointestinal - other changes TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 76 mg/kg/42D-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Cardiac - other changes Liver - other changes Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - lipids including transport TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous DOSE : 2400 ug/kg SEX/DURATION : male 2 day(s) pre-mating TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) MUTATION DATA TYPE OF TEST : DNA inhibition TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse Cells - not otherwise specified DOSE/DURATION : 1 umol/L REFERENCE : CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year: 43,3514,1983 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 82895 No. of Facilities: 14 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 3 No. of Employees: 504 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 82895 No. of Facilities: 34 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 3 No. of Employees: 1721 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 1639 (estimated)

安全

• 符号: GHS06
• 信号词: Danger
• 危害声明: H300
• 警示性声明: Missing Phrase - N15.00950417
• 个人防护装备: Eyeshields;Faceshields;full-face particle respirator type N100 (US);Gloves;respirator cartridge type N100 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter;type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges
• 危害码 (欧洲): T+:Verytoxic;
• 风险声明 (欧洲): R28;R36/37/38
• 安全声明 (欧洲): S26-S28-S36/37-S45
• 危险品运输编码: UN 2811 6.1/PG 1
• WGK德国: 3
• RTECS号: DO3500000
• 包装等级: III
• 危险类别: 6.1(b)