168316-95-8

168316-95-8 structure

Name: Spinosad
Chemical Name: spinosad
CAS Number: 168316-95-8
Molecular Formula: C₄₂H₇₁NO₉
Molecular Weight: 734.014
Catalog: Biochemical Chinese herbal medicine ingredients
Create Date: 2018-02-08 08:00:00
Modify Date: 2024-01-04 21:22:29
Spinosad, a mixture of spinosyns A and D known as fermentation products of a soil actinomycete (Saccharopolyspora spinosa), is a biological neurotoxic insecticide with a broader action spectrum. Spinosad targets the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChRs) of the insect nervous system. Spinosad has an excellent environmental and mammalian toxicological profile. Larvicidal activity[1][2][3].

Name	spinosad
Synonyms	13-{[5-(Dimethylamino)-6-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]oxy}-9-ethyl-14-methyl-2-[(2,3,4-trimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexyl)oxy]octadecahydro-1H-as-indaceno[3,2-d]oxacyclododecine-7,15-dione 1H-as-Indaceno[3,2-d]oxacyclododecin-7,15-dione, 13-[[5-(dimethylamino)tetrahydro-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-yl]oxy]-9-ethyloctadecahydro-14-methyl-2-[(2,3,4-trimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexyl)oxy]- Spinosyn A

Description	Spinosad, a mixture of spinosyns A and D known as fermentation products of a soil actinomycete (Saccharopolyspora spinosa), is a biological neurotoxic insecticide with a broader action spectrum. Spinosad targets the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChRs) of the insect nervous system. Spinosad has an excellent environmental and mammalian toxicological profile. Larvicidal activity[1][2][3].
Related Catalog	Signaling Pathways >> Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel >> nAChR Signaling Pathways >> Neuronal Signaling >> nAChR Research Areas >> Neurological Disease
In Vitro	Spinosad acts as an allosteric agonist of acetylcholine (Ach) by binding to nicotinicacetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), prototypicalunits that function as neurotransmitter ligand-gated ion channels[4].
In Vivo	Spinosad is a natural mixture of the pediculicidal tetracyclic macrolides spinosyn A and spinosyn D. Spinosad 0.9% mainly interferes with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in insects, thereby producing neuronal excitation that results in paralysis of lice from neuromuscular fatigue after extended periods of hyperexcitation. Spinosad 0.9% kills both permethrin-susceptible and permethrin-resistant populations of lice. It is also ovicidal, killing both eggs (nits) and lice[5]. Spinosad causes in vivo oxidative effects in the brain of Oreochromis niloticus. Spinosad causes elevations in the contents of tGSH, GSH, GSSG, Hsp70, and reductions in the ratio of GSH/GSSG and GPx activity and an induction in the GR (glutathione reducta) activity. Spinosad has oxidative effects in the brain tissue by altering the parameters in GSH-related antioxidant system and Hsp70[6].
References	[1]. Duchet C, et al. Effects of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis and spinosad on adult emergence of the non-biting midges Polypedilum nubifer (Skuse) and Tanytarsus curticornis Kieffer (Diptera: Chironomidae) in coastal wetlands. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2015;115:272-278. [2]. Wang J, et al. A three amino acid deletion in the transmembrane domain of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α6 subunit confers high-level resistance to spinosad in Plutella xylostella. Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2016;71:29-36. [3]. Huang J, et al. High Level of Spinosad Production in the Heterologous Host Saccharopolyspora erythraea. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2016;82(18):5603-5611. Published 2016 Aug 30. [4]. McCormack PL. Spinosad: in pediculosis capitis. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2011;12(5):349-353. [5]. Santos VSV, et al. Properties, toxicity and current applications of the biolarvicide spinosad. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev. 2020;23(1):13-26. [6]. Piner P, et al. Organic insecticide spinosad causes in vivo oxidative effects in the brain of Oreochromis niloticus. Environ Toxicol. 2014;29(3):253-260.

Density	1.1±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point	776.3±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point	84ºC to 99.5ºC
Molecular Formula	C₄₂H₇₁NO₉
Molecular Weight	734.014
Flash Point	423.3±32.9 °C
Exact Mass	733.512878
PSA	101.99000
LogP	4.86
Vapour Pressure	0.0±2.7 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.527
Storage condition	0-6°C

Symbol	GHS09
Signal Word	Warning
Hazard Statements	H410
Precautionary Statements	P273-P391-P501
Personal Protective Equipment	Eyeshields;Gloves
Hazard Codes	N
Risk Phrases	50/53
Safety Phrases	61
RIDADR	UN3077 9/PG 3

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