Chinese herbal medicine chemistry refers to the science of studying the chemical constituents of Chinese herbal medicines using the theory and methods of modern chemistry. The research object of Chinese herbal medicine chemistry is the chemical constituents in Chinese herbal medicines. The chemical composition of Chinese herbal medicines is very complicated, usually with sugars, amino acids, proteins, oils and waxes. , enzymes, pigments, vitamins, organic acids, tannins, inorganic salts, volatile oils, alkaloids, anthraquinones, etc. Each Chinese herbal medicine may contain multiple ingredients. Among these ingredients, some of them have obvious biological activity and play a medical role, and are often referred to as active ingredients such as alkaloids, anthraquinones, volatile oils, amino acids and the like. The reason why Chinese herbal medicine has a medical effect is mainly due to the active ingredients contained therein. In addition to many of the active ingredients of Chinese herbal medicine that have been researched and widely used in the past, such as berberine ( berberine), anti-inflammatory anti-inflammatory berberine in ephedrine, ephedrine in ephedra, and blood pressure-reducing components in Rauvolfia, In recent years, more active ingredients of Chinese herbal medicine have been discovered at home and abroad, especially in the field of anti-tumor, cardiovascular diseases and slow-lived bronchitis. Other ingredients are ubiquitous in Chinese herbal medicine, but usually have no biological activity and cannot be used for medical purposes. They are called "invalid ingredients" such as sugars, proteins, pigments, resins, inorganic salts and the like. However, effective and ineffective are not absolute, and some ingredients that were originally considered to be ineffective are found to be biologically active and become active ingredients. For example, the polysaccharides contained in mushrooms and alfalfa have certain anti-tumor effects; the polysaccharides in seaweed have hypolipidemic effect, and the trichosanthin protein has an induction effect; tannins are common in Chinese herbal medicines and generally do not play a leading role in the treatment of diseases. It is an ineffective ingredient, but it is an effective ingredient in gallnut, Polygonum cuspidatum and mantle because of its high content of tannin and certain biological activity. For example, mucus is usually an ineffective ingredient, while in white and middle it is an active ingredient. In the development of modern science, various sophisticated separation methods tend to be rapidly quantified, making it possible to further study the chemical composition of Chinese herbal medicines. In particular, the combination of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry combines several steps of separation, purification and identification, which improves the speed and accuracy of structural determination, and shows a broad prospect for the study of the chemical composition of Chinese herbal medicine. In the 1950s, Since the discovery of the blood pressure component reserpine biopterin from the folk medicine Rauvolfia and the discovery of the anticancer active ingredient C. vinca from the periwinkle flower, the international scientific community has re-emphasized the research on the botanical components of folk botanicals. It is particularly worth mentioning that countries around the world are competing to screen anti-cancer active ingredients from botanicals. In China, in recent years, artemisinin has been found to be a quick-acting antimalarial drug from the Chinese herbal medicine Artemisia annua L.; the ergoside obtained from the root bud of Agrimony has a good mites effect; Other studies on ginseng and acanthopanax senticosus have shown that Chinese herbal chemistry has made great progress. It is expected that some new breakthroughs will be obtained from plant ingredients in the treatment of some major diseases. Based on the significant achievements in the study of active constituents of Chinese herbal medicines and plants, a new discipline of plant tissue culture has been developed, which is a new research field for the study of plant tissues to produce secondary metabolites by artificial culture. A large number of active ingredients that are beneficial to industrial production. For example, the tissue culture of ginseng has a crude soap content of up to 21%. At the same time, tissue culture is promising to develop into an effective method for studying the biosynthetic pathway of plant constituents. The chemical plant taxonomy proposed in the past two or three decades is a development in the study of phytochemical constituents, that is, it is hoped that a true natural classification system will be developed from the distribution law of plant metabolites (chemical components), which will benefit from The chemical composition of the plant's genetic relationship.


Amino compound >
Oxy-containing amino compound Cycloalkylamines, aromatic monoamines, aromatic polyamines and derivatives and salts thereof Acyclic monoamines, polyamines and their derivatives and salts Amide compound Sulfonic acid amino compound
Alcohols, phenols, phenolic compounds and derivatives >
2-cycloalcohol Halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives of alcohols Extremely halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives of phenols Phenol and its halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives Acyclic alcohol
Nitrogen-containing compound
Nitrile compound
Organic derivative of hydrazine or hydrazine
Terpenoid
Ether compounds and their derivatives >
Ether, ether alcohol Halogenation, sulfonation, nitration or nitrosation of ethers, ether alcohols, ether phenols
Aldehyde
Carboxylic compounds and derivatives >
Cyclic carboxylic acid Halogenation, sulfonation, nitration or nitrosation of carboxylic acids Halogenation, sulfonation, nitration or nitration of carboxylic anhydrides Carboxylic acid halide Carboxylic esters and their derivatives Salt of carboxylic acid ester and its derivatives Acyclic carboxylic acid
Hydrocarbon compounds and their derivatives >
Aromatic hydrocarbon Cyclic hydrocarbon Hydrocarbon sulfonate Hydrocarbon halide Hydrocarbon nitrite Acyclic hydrocarbon
Ketone compound
Alkyl ureas and their derivatives and salts
Inorganic acid ester
Heterocyclic compound
Diazo, azo or azo compound
Organosilicon compound
Organometallic compound >
Organic palladium Organic germanium, cobalt, strontium, barium, gallium, germanium, germanium, germanium, germanium, etc. Organic calcium Zirconium Organic potassium Organic Organic lithium Organic Organic aluminum Organotin Organic manganese Organic sodium Organic nickel Organic titanium Organic iron Organic copper Organotin Organic zinc Organic Organic Organic germanium, mercury, silver, platinum, etc. Organic germanium, antimony, bismuth, tungsten, antimony, bismuth, lead, vanadium, molybdenum, chromium, antimony, etc.
Organic sulfur compound
Organic phosphine compound
Organometallic salt
Organic fluorine compound >
Fluorobenzoic acid series Fluorobenzonitrile series Fluorobenzaldehyde series Fluorobenzyl alcohol series Fluoroanisole series Fluoroaniline series Fluorophenylacetic acid series Fluorophenol series Fluorobenzoic acid series Fluoronitrobenzene series Fluoropyridine series Potassium fluoroborate series Fluorobenzyl alcohol series Fluorotoluene series Fluorine red series Fluoroethane series Fluoropropane series
Respiratory medication >
Asthma Other respiratory medications Peony Antitussive
Hormone and endocrine-regulating drugs >
Birth control pills Pituitary hormone Estrogen and progestogen drugs Adrenocorticotropic drugs Gonadotropin Thyroid hormone and antithyroid drugs other Prostaglandins Adrenal corticosteroids Androgen and anabolic hormone drugs Pancreatic hormones and other blood sugar regulating drugs Treatment of male erectile dysfunction drugs
Antipyretic analgesics >
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Antipyretic and analgesic Anti-migraine drug Anti-gout medicine Analgesic
Antiallergic >
Allergic reaction medium blocker Antihistamine
Antiparasitic drug >
Anti-amebiasis and anti-trichomoniasis drugs Antimalarial Resistance to filariasis and anti-leishmaniasis Anti-fungal medicine Anthelmintic Antiprotozoal Anthelmintic
Antibiotics >
Beta-lactamase inhibitor Aminoglycoside Macrolide drug Peptide Polyene Rifamycin Lincosamide Other antibiotics Penicillin Tetracycline Cephalosporin Amide alcohol Agricultural antibiotics
Antineoplastic agents >
Hormone antineoplastic agents Antimetabolite antineoplastic Antibiotic antineoplastic agents Anti-tumor adjuvant Other antineoplastic agents Natural source antineoplastic agents Alkylating agent Tinic antineoplastic agents Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) treatment
Anesthetic Agents >
Skeletal muscle relaxant Local anesthetics General anesthetics
Urinary system medication >
Diuretic Diabetes insipidus medication Other urinary system medication Dehydrated medicine
Other chemicals >
other Health and epidemic prevention drugs
Synthetic anti-infective drugs >
Sulfonamides and synergists Antiviral drugs Anti-tuberculosis leprosy Antihelium drug Antifungal drugs Quinolone Natural source anti-infectives Disinfectant antiseptic Nitrofuran
Nervous system medication >
2 sedative and hypnotics Antiepileptic and anticonvulsant Anxiolytic Antipsychotic Antidepressant, manic Anti-shock palsy Brain metabolism regulating drug Cholinergic Other nervous system medication Central stimulant Parkinson's syndrome
Water, electrolyte and acid-base balance regulator >
Electrolyte balance regulator Glucose drug Acid-base balance regulator
Vitamins and minerals >
Trace elements and mineral drugs Vitamin AD drugs Vitamin B drugs Vitamin C drugs Nutritional health medicine
Digestive system medication >
Liver disease medication Acid and gastric mucosal protective drugs Biliary medicine Other digestive system medication Appetite suppressant and other diet pills Gastrointestinal drug Gastrointestinal expectorant Laxative antidiarrheal Inhibition of gastric acid secretion Antiemetic emetic Digestive drug
Blood system medication >
Leukocyte proliferative drug Platelet proliferative drug Anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs Anti-anemia drug Blood volume expander Hemostatic drug
Circulatory system medication >
Regulating blood lipids Prevention and treatment of angina pectoris Calcium channel blocker Anti-congestive heart failure medicine Antihypertensive drug Antiarrhythmic drug Anti-shock vasoactive drug Other circulatory system medication Angiotensin converting enzyme and receptor inhibitor Peripheral vasodilator Beta-adrenergic receptor blocker Treatment of chronic cardiac insufficiency Anti-atherosclerosis
Diagnostic medication >
Organ function test agent Image inspection medication
Special medicine >
Radioisotope Antidote Stomatology medication Dermatology medication Surgical medication Ophthalmic medication
Drugs that affect tissue metabolism
Feed drug additive
Anti-stress drug
Immune function drug >
Immunomodulatory drug Immunosuppressive drug
Veterinary drug raw materials
Inhibitor
Common amino acids and protein drugs
Nucleic acid drug
Enzymes and coenzymes
Inhibitor >
Immune inhibitor Protein tyrosine kinase Neuronal Signaling PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitor (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) Metabolism Cell Cycle Epigenetics Cytoskeletal Signaling Angiogenesis DNA damage Proteases Apoptosis Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) Endocrinology & Hormones G protein coupled receptor(GPCR & G Protein) Transmembrane Transporters Tyrosine protein kinase/signal transducer and transcriptional activator inhibitor (JAK/STAT) TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathway inhibitor (TGF-beta/Smad) Stem Cells & Wnt Signaling Paths (Stem Cells & Wnt) Nuclear transcription factor (NF-κB) Ubiquitin inhibitor Microbiology Autophagy lysosome (Autophagy)
Biological response modifier
Fatty drug
Amino acids and their derivatives >
Arginine derivatives Asparagine derivatives Aspartic acid derivative Cysteine derivative Glutamine derivative Glutamic acid derivative Glycine derivatives Histidine derivative Isoleucine derivative Leucine derivative Lysine derivative Methionine derivatives Phenylalanine derivatives Proline derivatives Serine derivative Threonine derivative Tryptophan derivatives Tyrosine derivatives Proline derivatives Alanine derivatives Methionine derivatives BOC-amino acid Cbz-amino acid FMOC-amino acid --amino acid Other protected amino acids Amino alcohol derivative Amino acid salt Ester amino acid Other amino acid derivatives Natural amino acids and their derivatives
Carbohydrate >
Monosaccharide Oligosaccharide Polysaccharide Double sugar
Biochemical reagent >
Biological dye Acid-base indicator Adjuvant
Nucleoside drugs >
Nucleoside intermediate Deoxynucleotides and their analogues Nucleotides and their analogues
Condensing agent
Peptide
Natural product
Plant extracts
Chinese herbal medicine ingredients
Microbiological reagent
Protein research
antibody >
Antibody Enzyme secondary antibody Apoptosis and autophagy Cell metabolism Chromatin / epigenetic / cell cycle Cytoskeleton/extracellular matrix MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathway Neuroscience Immunity and inflammation PKC, calcium ion and lipid signaling pathway Stem cells, development and differentiation Protein translation, folding and degradation Other categories of primary antibodies
  • CAS Number: 2292-16-2
  • MF: C38H44N2O6
  • MW: 624.766
  • Catalog:Chinese herbal medicine ingredients
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 710.9±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 383.8±32.9 °C
  • CAS Number: 1983-72-8
  • MF: C16H8O6
  • MW: 296.23100
  • Catalog:Chinese herbal medicine ingredients
  • Density: 1.644g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 552.6ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: >300℃
  • Flash Point: 288ºC
  • CAS Number: 4478-93-7
  • MF: C6H11NOS2
  • MW: 177.288
  • Catalog:Chinese herbal medicine ingredients
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 368.2±25.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 176.5±23.2 °C
  • CAS Number: 110623-73-9
  • MF: C38H48O19
  • MW: 808.776
  • Catalog:Chinese herbal medicine ingredients
  • Density: 1.6±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 1066.1±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 325.6±27.8 °C
  • CAS Number: 161097-77-4
  • MF: C35H54O10
  • MW: 634.79700
  • Catalog:Chinese herbal medicine ingredients
  • Density: 1.32±0.1 g/cm3 (20 ºC 760 Torr)
  • Boiling Point: 801.0±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 227-229ºC
  • Flash Point: N/A
  • CAS Number: 27210-57-7
  • MF: C19H22O2
  • MW: 282.377
  • Catalog:Chinese herbal medicine ingredients
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 421.6±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 98-100℃ (hexane )
  • Flash Point: 179.4±14.4 °C
  • CAS Number: 51059-44-0
  • MF: C22H20O11
  • MW: 460.388
  • Catalog:Chinese herbal medicine ingredients
  • Density: 1.6±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 869.0±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 226-227ºC
  • Flash Point: 304.0±27.8 °C
  • CAS Number: 3486-66-6
  • MF: C19H14NO4
  • MW: 320.32
  • Catalog:Chinese herbal medicine ingredients
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 212-217℃
  • Flash Point: N/A
  • CAS Number: 20243-59-8
  • MF: C16H12O6
  • MW: 300.263
  • Catalog:Chinese herbal medicine ingredients
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 602.7±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 225-227ºC
  • Flash Point: 230.6±25.0 °C
  • CAS Number: 6882-68-4
  • MF: C15H24N2O
  • MW: 248.364
  • Catalog:Chinese herbal medicine ingredients
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 396.7±31.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 109 °C
  • Flash Point: 172.7±17.2 °C
  • CAS Number: 102641-82-7
  • MF: C24H36O9
  • MW: 468.53700
  • Catalog:Chinese herbal medicine ingredients
  • Density: 1.39g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 607.4ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 202.3ºC
  • CAS Number: 23811-08-7
  • MF: C15H26O
  • MW: 222.366
  • Catalog:Chinese herbal medicine ingredients
  • Density: 1.0±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 312.2±11.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 59-60°C (lit.)
  • Flash Point: 114.6±15.6 °C
  • CAS Number: 869788-71-6
  • MF: C37H52O3
  • MW: 544.80700
  • Catalog:Chinese herbal medicine ingredients
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A
  • CAS Number: 18059-10-4
  • MF: C27H43NO3
  • MW: 429.635
  • Catalog:Chinese herbal medicine ingredients
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 567.1±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 212-213ºC
  • Flash Point: 296.8±30.1 °C
  • CAS Number: 6199-67-3
  • MF: C32H46O8
  • MW: 558.703
  • Catalog:Chinese herbal medicine ingredients
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 699.3±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 184-186ºC
  • Flash Point: 218.8±25.0 °C
  • CAS Number: 491-67-8
  • MF: C15H10O5
  • MW: 270.237
  • Catalog:Chinese herbal medicine ingredients
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 575.9±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 256-271 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 225.3±23.6 °C
  • CAS Number: 79-62-9
  • MF: C30H52O
  • MW: 428.73
  • Catalog:Thiopyrimidine
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A
  • CAS Number: 3371-27-5
  • MF: C15H14O7
  • MW: 306.267
  • Catalog:Chinese herbal medicine ingredients
  • Density: 1.7±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 685.6±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 368.5±31.5 °C
  • CAS Number: 470-67-7
  • MF: C10H18O
  • MW: 154.249
  • Catalog:Chinese herbal medicine ingredients
  • Density: 1.0±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 173.5±8.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: −46 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 50.7±15.3 °C
  • CAS Number: 23513-15-7
  • MF: C21H34O4
  • MW: 350.492
  • Catalog:Chinese herbal medicine ingredients
  • Density: 1.0±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 499.7±35.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 45 - 46 °C
  • Flash Point: 166.4±19.4 °C
  • CAS Number: 83-44-3
  • MF: C24H40O4
  • MW: 392.572
  • Catalog:Chinese herbal medicine ingredients
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 547.1±35.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 171-174 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 298.8±22.4 °C
  • CAS Number: 635-65-4
  • MF: C33H36N4O6
  • MW: 584.662
  • Catalog:Chinese herbal medicine ingredients
  • Density: 1.2163
  • Boiling Point: 641.7°C
  • Melting Point: 192 °C
  • Flash Point: 478.1±37.1 °C
  • CAS Number: 119567-63-4
  • MF: C20H41NO2
  • MW: 327.545
  • Catalog:Chinese herbal medicine ingredients
  • Density: 0.9±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 447.2±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 186.1±27.4 °C
  • CAS Number: 6873-13-8
  • MF: C20H24NO4
  • MW: 377.862
  • Catalog:Chinese herbal medicine ingredients
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A
  • CAS Number: 64820-99-1
  • MF: C27H30O14
  • MW: 578.519
  • Catalog:Chinese herbal medicine ingredients
  • Density: 1.7±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 898.8±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 215ºC
  • Flash Point: 299.5±27.8 °C
  • CAS Number: 83-79-4
  • MF: C23H22O6
  • MW: 394.417
  • Catalog:Chinese herbal medicine ingredients
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 559.8±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 159-164 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 244.6±30.2 °C
  • CAS Number: 528-58-5
  • MF: C15H11ClO6
  • MW: 322.697
  • Catalog:Chinese herbal medicine ingredients
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A
  • CAS Number: 79-63-0
  • MF: C30H50O
  • MW: 426.717
  • Catalog:Chinese herbal medicine ingredients
  • Density: 1.0±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 498.9±44.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 137 °C
  • Flash Point: 221.1±20.7 °C
  • CAS Number: 125697-92-9
  • MF: C21H19NO6
  • MW: 381.37900
  • Catalog:Chinese herbal medicine ingredients
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 741.7ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 205-215 °C
  • Flash Point: 402.4ºC
  • CAS Number: 2238-90-6
  • MF: C24H47NO7
  • MW: 461.63200
  • Catalog:Chinese herbal medicine ingredients
  • Density: 1.14 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 664.3ºC
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 355.6ºC